Trump's latest Fed picks have experts worried about central bank independence. Here's what that means and why it matters.

AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais

President Donald Trump shakes hands after announing Federal Reserve board member Jerome Powell as his nominee for the next chair of the Federal Reserve in the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington, Thursday, Nov. 2, 2017.

• President Donald Trump has nominated two political allies to the Federal Reserve Board, raising concerns about independence at what's seen as the most powerful central bank in the world.
• To keep employment and price levels steady, central banks need to be free from political influence.
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President Richard Nixon handily won re-election after pressuring Federal Reserve chairman Arthur Burns to keep interest rates low in the early 1970s. There was just one catch: the American economy entered a decade of turbulence, plagued by instances of double-digit inflation.

That has since served as a cautionary tale against allowing political motives to guide monetary policy. And it demonstrates why there's so much concern over President Donald Trump's latest Fed Board nominations, Stephen Moore and Herman Cain.

Politicians like lower interest rates because they can give the economy a short-term boost and shore up support among voters. But not increasing them at the appropriate time can destabilize the economy with high levels of inflation.

"Richard Nixon and Arthur Burns demonstrated how real that concern was," Alan Blinder, a former Fed vice chairman, said in an email. "Letting Mr. Moore and Mr. Cain get on the Federal Reserve Board would be a step back in that (wrong) direction."

Both staunch allies of Trump, the nominees' roles in Republican politics have long been apparent.

Moore, a fellow at the conservative Heritage Foundation, recently said Fed policymakers should be fired for raising interest rates - comments he's now apologized for. He also wrote a book praising Trump's fiscal policies and co-founded the Club for Growth, a lobbying group focused on cutting taxes.

Cain, for his part, is a former restaurant executive known for his failed bid for the GOP presidential nomination in 2012, where he pitched a plan to overhaul the tax system. A series of sexual harassment accusations surfaced during his campaign, however, and he now runs a political action committee that aims to address misinformation about Trump.

Economists stress that independent monetary policy is crucial for central banks around the world. Political influence on interest rates in other countries has led not only to high levels of inflation, but also to reputational damage that can worry investors and creditors.

"It's easy to look both around the world and in US history to see how disastrous a lack of central bank independence can be," said Adam Ozimek, an economist at Moody's Analytics. "Monetary policy requires credibility to take actions that may not be popular, and may entail short-run pain for the long-run benefit of all."

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