Are four-day work weeks beneficial or not: A debate to end all debates

The idea of a four-day work week sounds like a dream: having three whole days to relax each week, reduced stress as result, and the possibility of achieving work-life balance — that mythical concept everybody keeps talking about but has so far eluded you.

Governments and organisations worldwide are starting to tentatively explore this concept as part of flexible working arrangements. But is it all as rosy as it sounds? Let’s take a look at the potential pros and cons of the four-day work week, as outlined by various studies and experts.

Advantages of a four-day work week

Improved work-life balance: One of the biggest advantages is the enhanced work-life balance. With an extra day off each week, employees have more time to rest, pursue hobbies, or spend with family. This shift helps people recharge and reduces burnout, making them happier and more satisfied with their jobs.

Increased productivity: Contrary to what businessmen like Narayana Murthy might suggest, several studies have shown that compressing the work week can boost productivity. Employees often achieve the same results in four days as they would in five. This has been attributed to sharper focus and time management when knowing there’s a shorter work window. Trials like the one conducted by South Cambridgeshire Council, which reported a 39% reduction in staff turnover and savings of over £370,000, underscore the potential success of such a model.

Environmental benefits: Reducing the number of commuting days can lower an individual’s carbon footprint. Fewer days of travel means fewer cars on the road, reducing emissions. For companies looking to meet sustainability goals, a four-day week aligns well with eco-friendly initiatives.

Staff retention and recruitment: Companies that offer a four-day work week become more attractive to job seekers, especially in industries where competition for talent is fierce. This perk not only helps attract candidates but can also help retain current employees who value flexibility over traditional perks.

Pitfalls of the four-day work week

Longer workdays: To make up for the lost day, employees may need to work longer hours on the four days they are in the office. For some, particularly those in physically demanding jobs or with family responsibilities, this can be exhausting. Asda’s recent trial, where employees had to cram 44 hours into four days, revealed that the extended shifts were too taxing for many.

Not suitable for all industries: Certain sectors, especially those that require continuous operation, such as healthcare or customer service, may find it difficult to adopt a four-day work week. It’s challenging to ensure smooth operations when employees are absent for an extra day. For these industries, such a change could disrupt services and result in decreased efficiency.

Productivity gains are not universal: While many trials have shown positive results, the gains in productivity aren’t always guaranteed. According to Professor André Spicer, Dean at Bayes Business School, the results on productivity are mixed. Some workers thrive under the four-day model, while others might struggle to meet deadlines, ultimately lowering overall performance.

The four-day work week presents an appealing opportunity to improve work-life balance, reduce burnout, and attract talent. However, it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. Companies must carefully weigh the benefits against the potential downsides, such as longer workdays and the risk of burnout.

By tailoring the approach to specific industries and offering flexibility in how it's implemented, the four-day work week could become a viable option in the future. For now, it remains an evolving experiment with mixed results but undeniable potential.