Russian intelligence agents have reportedly gone Ireland to inspect undersea cables, reigniting fears they could cut them and take entire countries offline

Submarine Cable Map

• Russian agents have been sent to Ireland to inspect its undersea cables, sparking fears they could be tapped or cut in the future, according to The Sunday Times, citing Irish police.
• Irish security services suspect Russia's intelligence agency, the GRU, is using their country as a base to gather intelligence on targets in the EU and UK, The Sunday Times reported.
• The large number of tech companies that are based in Dublin could be another reason for Russia's suspected monitoring, an expert on transnational crime and Russian security told the newspaper.
• There have been longstanding fears that Russian spies could cut transatlantic undersea cables to disrupt communications and financial transactions, and take entire countries offline.
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Russian intelligence agents have been sent to Ireland to make the precise locations of undersea cables connecting Europe to North America, The Sunday Times reported, raising fears that they plan to tap or even cut them.

Irish security services believe that the agents were sent by Russia's foreign intelligence agency, the GRU, and are checking the fiber-optic cables for weak points, The Sunday Times reported, citing police and military sources.

They were also seen monitoring Dublin Port, prompting the country to ramp up security at a number of landing sites along the Irish coast, The Sunday Times reported. It's not clear where else the agents have been seen.

The vast network of transatlantic cables that run under the world's oceans power the internet, texts, calls, and global financial transactions. About 97% of all intercontinental data is transferred through these cables, according to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.

Ireland is in ideal location for these undersea maps, given its proximity to North America and Europe. In 2015, Irish telecommunications company Aqua Comms set up a $300 million cable to connect the US to Dublin, and onto London and Europe, the Irish Examiner reported.

Submarine Cable Map

A map showing undersea cables around the world.

Irish police and military sources suspect the GRU is using Ireland as an operations base to gather intelligence on targets in the EU and the UK, The Sunday Times reported.

Another reason for the Russians' presence could be Dublin's place as one of Europe's largest tech hubs, as authorities suspect the agents could also be spying on large tech companies, The Sunday Times reported. Google, Airbnb, Facebook, and Twitter all have headquarters in the city.

The country also presents itself as an ideal target to the Russians, Mark Galeotti, an expert on transnational crime and Russian security at the Royal United Service Institute think tank, told The Sunday Times.

"Ireland doesn't have a counter-intelligence capability. It's a relatively soft target. Ireland is a major node for the global internet. It has a large concentration of tech companies," he said. "This is the new battle space of the future."

Peter Würmli, Camenzind Evolution

A photo of Google's Dublin headquarters in 2013.

News of the Russian agents' arrival in Ireland has prompted concerns that Russia might ramp up its information warfare by cutting or tampering with the cables, which could disrupt global financial transactions or even take entire countries offline.

John Sipher, a retired CIA officer in Moscow, told The Sunday Times that there is a high chance the agents are either spying or planning to cut communications.

"They also may wish to show their capability in order to threaten the West," he told the British newspaper. "Our FBI has caught Russians trying to gain access to underwater cables, including the areas where they come into land."

"They are also seeking to gain physical access to routers and communication nodes," Sipher said.

TeleGeography

Undersea cables connecting the US to the rest of the world. Screenshot taken in 2018.

Western countries have long feared that Russia could cut undersea cables, and interfere with the global economy and way of life.

Air Chief Marshal Sir Stuart Peach, the UK's most senior military officer, said in December 2017: "There is a new risk to our way of life, which is the vulnerability of the cables that criss-cross the seabeds."

"Can you imagine a scenario where those cables are cut or disrupted, which would immediately and potentially catastrophically affect both our economy and other ways of living?"

And in 2018, Russian ships were seen in the vicinity of vital undersea fiber-optic cables, sparking further speculation that the Kremlin was finding a new way to spy.

What are undersea internet cables?

More than 300 undersea cables, which run a total of 550,000 miles, keep the internet running around the world.

Most lines are owned by private telecommunications companies, including tech companies like Google and Microsoft. Their locations, which have been built up over the decades, can be easily identified on public maps.

Despite their importance, little is being done to guard and protect these deep-sea cables.

Cybersecurity experts told Business Insider's Jim Edwards in 2018 that it's only "a matter of time" before hackers can access these cables, and entire countries can be taken offline.

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