Zika virus: How worried do you need to be about the mosquito-borne disease as cases rise in India?

Recent weeks have seen a concerning surge in Zika virus cases across India, particularly in Pune, Maharashtra. As of the latest reports, Pune alone has reported a total of 12 confirmed cases, including several pregnant women. The outbreak has prompted local health authorities to intensify surveillance and implement stringent measures to curb further spread.

What is Zika and how deadly is it?

Zika virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, shares its vector with dengue and chikungunya. While most infected individuals experience mild symptoms like fever, headache, red eyes, rash, and joint pain, the virus can pose severe risks, especially to pregnant women.

It is also known to cause microcephaly — a condition where a baby’s head is significantly smaller than expected — and other neurological complications in infants exposed in utero, highlighting its potential for devastating impacts. However, it may be noted that no Zika-associated microcephaly cases have been reported in the country since 2016.

Where have the Zika cases arisen?

Cases have been reported not only in Pune but also in other parts of Maharashtra such as Kolhapur and Ahmednagar. Additionally, states like Karnataka and Kerala have also reported instances of Zika infections.
As per a The New Indian Express report, the Karnataka patient has since succumbed, although officials have noted that other complications could have contributed to the death.

Do I need to worry about catching the illness?

While Zika virus infections generally result in mild illness for most individuals, the greatest concern lies with pregnant women. Infections during pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects such as microcephaly, underscoring the need for heightened vigilance and preventive measures.

What precautions can I take against Zika?

In the absence of a vaccine, we must do our best to avoid the infection. To minimise the risk of contracting the Zika virus, individuals are advised to:

• Avoid mosquito bites: Use insect repellent, wear long sleeves and pants, and stay in screened-in or air-conditioned rooms.
• Eliminate mosquito breeding sites: Regularly empty standing water from containers like flowerpots, buckets, and birdbaths where mosquitoes breed.
• Safe Sexual Practices: Zika can be sexually transmitted, so practise safe sex or abstain if you or your partner has recently travelled to an area with Zika.

Public health response and advice

Authorities have urged health facilities to screen pregnant women for Zika virus, intensify vector control activities, and report suspected cases promptly to prevent further transmission. The availability of testing facilities and timely reporting are crucial in managing and containing outbreaks.
Staying informed and taking appropriate precautions remain the best defences against Zika virus transmission as efforts continue to contain its spread across affected regions in India.