Does a solar eclipse really impact your health?

The total solar eclipse 2024, which will grace our skies on October 2, will see the Moon appearing smaller than the Sun. This will leave a bright ring of light peeking out around a darkened centre, resulting in a “Ring of Fire”. The eclipse will be visible between 9:13 PM IST and 3:17 PM IST the following day.

While this fascinating astronomical event will draw attention from millions around the world owing to the stunning visual experience, many sceptics are likely concerned about some health concerns that often arise, particularly surrounding the effect of solar eclipses on human health. But can a solar eclipse really impact your well-being? Let’s explore the science behind it.

Eye safety during a solar eclipse

One of the most well-known health risks associated with a solar eclipse is eye damage. The sun’s rays, even during an eclipse, can severely harm the eyes if viewed without proper protection. Solar retinopathy is a condition caused by direct exposure to the sun's intense light, potentially leading to permanent damage to the retina. The misconception arises because people think that during an eclipse, it's safe to look at the sun when the moon partially covers it. However, this is far from the truth. Viewing a solar eclipse without certified solar glasses or an appropriate viewing device can result in serious vision problems.

Psychological impact

For centuries, solar eclipses have been associated with myths, superstitions, and even fears. Some people may experience anxiety or heightened emotions leading up to or during the eclipse. This psychological stress can manifest physically in ways like headaches or muscle tension, but these effects are largely due to emotional responses rather than the eclipse itself.

Other health concerns: fact or fiction?

Some people also believe that solar eclipses can cause physical pain, such as back aches or headaches. Myths suggesting that solar eclipses can cause digestive issues, skin problems, or even physical pain like backaches are entirely unfounded.

This is often attributed to the notion that cosmic disturbances have a direct impact on the human body. However, there is no scientific basis for these claims. Physical ailments that occur during or around the time of an eclipse are more likely coincidental, or they may be psychosomatic — stemming from stress, anxiety, or heightened awareness during the event.

These myths are largely perpetuated by cultural narratives and fear of the unknown. Today, we know that solar eclipses are natural phenomena that have no direct impact on human health beyond eye safety concerns. Science continues to dispel these misconceptions, reinforcing that the effects of a solar eclipse are primarily psychological and cultural, not physical.

With the right precautions — especially regarding eye protection — there’s no reason to fear this natural phenomenon.