The CIA World Factbook, which records poverty rates for countries around the world, lists "NA" for the portion of Monaco's population living below the poverty line.
This is partially because the principality has no income tax and therefore no way to measure the income of its residents, a representative for the Monaco Statistics agency told Business Insider.
Dr. Damyana Bakardzhieva, a professor of economics at the International University of Monaco, told Business Insider that Monaco doesn't have a benchmark for poverty like other countries.
But if it were to use the French definition (Monaco is surrounded by France on three sides and its official language is French) of poverty, of living on an income of roughly 1,000 euros (about $1,100) per month, Bakardzhieva says "it is relatively safe to assume" that Monaco would have a 0% poverty rate.
Dr. Bassem Kamar, another economics professor at the International University of Monaco and former International Monetary Fund economist, told Business Insider he can assert that "there are no nationals of Monaco below the poverty line."
Of Monaco's 38,300 inhabitants, only 9,326 are native Monegasque. The rest are foreign residents from places like France, Italy, the UK, Switzerland, Germany, Russia, and the US.
According to Bakardzhieva, there is a "natural selection" at play that ensures only already-wealthy foreigners move to Monaco.
With its size of less than one square mile, "housing in Monaco is very scarce despite the city going more and more 'vertical' in recent years with skyscrapers like the Odeon tower and despite the projects of further sea expansion," she said.
Real estate is, therefore, wildly expensive. The average property price was $5.2 million in 2017.
"A person living under the poverty line will find it very hard to afford seeking residency in Monaco," Bakardzhieva said.
Monaco has 300 days of sunshine per year.
These benefits "attract numerous very wealthy families to seek Monegasque residency for which owning or renting an appropriately-sized dwelling in Monaco is a prerequisite," Bakardzhieva said.
And as Dr. Hans Mühlbacher, a researcher at the University of Monaco, pointed out, many people with lower salaries who work in Monaco actually live outside the country in neighboring France or Italy.
An estimated one-third of residents are millionaires, and the per capita GDP is $165,420 — the second-highest in the world.
Monte Carlo, Monaco's glitziest district, is full of five-star hotels, luxury cars, high-end boutiques, and the famous Casino de Monte-Carlo.
I saw more Ferraris in my five days in Monaco than I had in my entire life. Seemingly every woman I saw was carrying a designer handbag, whether it was Chanel, Louis Vuitton, or the elusive but even more esteemed Goyard.
At this year's show, which I attended, an estimated 30,000 people came to see the more than $4.3 billion worth of yachts displayed in the port.
"His apartment [in Monaco] is very similar to this boat, but significantly smaller," the yacht designer, Andrew Winch, said.
Tis was only the second yacht I had ever stepped foot on, so I'm not exactly an expert — but the sheer level of opulence on board blew me away. Think sweeping, marble staircases with gold handrails, a 16-seat dining room, a beach club and sauna, and a 40-foot infinity pool levels of opulence.
The lavish Princess Grace Suite at Hotel de Paris will cost you $43,000 per night.
When I was looking at accommodations ahead of my trip, the cheapest Airbnb I could find was $274 per night for a room in an apartment where other people lived — and that was an outlier. Most of the options were far more expensive, upwards of $400 or $500 per night.
In Nice, France, on the other hand, which is about 20 minutes from Monaco by train, I was able to book a studio apartment for $395 for four nights, or less than $100 per night.
They are so clean, in fact, that at one point, I saw a piece of garbage on the ground — and I took a picture of it.
Coming from New York City, where thousands of homeless people sleep on the streets and trash tornadoes are a common sight on windy days, Monaco's cleanliness and lack of visible poverty was striking.
Monaco has one police officer for every 100 residents and a 24-hour video surveillance system spanning the entire city.
I saw police everywhere — mostly directing traffic or giving tourists directions. And when I paid attention, I spotted security cameras at seemingly every corner and every entrance to a hotel, shop, or restaurant.
"Monaco has the highest density of police per capita in Europe by far," Mühlbacher said. "There are observation cameras well hidden to tourists and visitors all over the principality."
"As would follow, the orders given to the 519 police officers, who must go through a 2-year intensive training program, are extremely strict: anything detrimental to the harmonious atmosphere in Monaco is forbidden, begging is non-existent, indecent clothing is prohibited and traffic laws are rigorously enforced," reads the website, adding that the court system in Monaco almost always gives the maximum sentences possible.
As Mühlbacher put it: "Monaco is called the 'Billionaires Paradise' and does everything not to let that image be disturbed."
I seemed to be the only woman in Monaco who wasn't carrying Prada, Chanel, and Louis Vuitton, or a similar luxury bag.
But perhaps most strikingly, I did not see a single sign of anyone living on the streets or sleeping in parks.
There's Métropole Shopping Monte-Carlo, an upscale underground shopping center with 80 high-end boutiques, steps from the famous casino. And in the other direction are shops like Cartier, Céline, Prada, and Balenciaga.
The only non-designer stores I saw in Monte Carlo were a Zara and a Nike boutique.
Earlier this year, I spent a long weekend in Jackson, Wyoming, the most economically unequal place in the US, according to a 2018 report published by the Economic Policy Institute. In the Western resort town, the average income of the richest 1% is more than $16.1 million, while the average income of the remaining 99% is $122,447.
Like in Monaco, I saw virtually no signs of poverty or inequality in Jackson itself, largely because even the bottom 99% earn well over the statewide median — and those who don't have had to move to more affordable areas like Alpine, Wyoming, and Victor, Idaho.
In Monaco, almost 75% of private sector workers live in neighboring France and Italy and commute into the city-state every day.
But while Jackson has become too expensive of a destination for many Americans, Monaco is on an entirely different level. The sheer wealth that exists there was like nothing I've ever seen, cementing in my mind its status as a millionaire's — and billionaire's — playground.
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