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India's journey through space missions and milestones

President Droupadi Murmu, on Friday visited an exhibition to showcase space technologies and achievements, at Bharat Mandapam, on the maiden <keyword id="22301946" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="National-Space-Day" source="keywords">National Space Day</keyword>. Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh and <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> Chairman S Somanath were also present. <keyword id="19939985" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="President-Murmu" source="keywords">President Murmu</keyword> extended her greetings on the occasion of the first National Space Day and welcomed the decision to celebrate Space Day on the day <keyword id="19990220" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan" source="keywords">Chandrayaan</keyword> landed on the <keyword id="19899207" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="moon" source="keywords">Moon</keyword>. "It was a glorious moment for all the Indians when ISRO's Chandrayaan landed on the moon. I saw the live telecast of that moment, I was so proud that day like other Indians. To celebrate National Space Day on this occasion is a commendable step. I congratulate all of you on the first National Space Day. ISRO has achieved many feats since its inception". She also expressed her happiness with the student's participation in the event "Happy to see students' participation in this event." Highlighting the significance of <keyword id="19929542" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-exploration" source="keywords">space exploration</keyword>, she added "Space exploration has extended human's ability and help complete the imagination of humankind. Space exploration is exciting and challenging at the same time. Health, transportation, environment, energy, security and information technology are benefitted due to the growth in the <keyword id="20242397" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-sector" source="keywords">space sector</keyword>". The president termed the growth of the ISRO as extraordinary, "The growth of <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India" source="keywords">India</keyword>'s space sector is extraordinary, be it Mangalyan mission that was accomplished through minimum resources or launching more than 100 satellites at a time. we have achieved many such feats". She also praised the introduction of private players in the space sector in the country, "Introducing of the private sector in Indian has led to the formation of many <keyword id="22829456" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-start-ups" source="keywords">space start-ups</keyword> in India. This has allowed the youths of India to explore the space sector". Expressing her happiness about ISRO's plan to make <keyword id="20793131" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-mission" source="keywords">space mission</keyword> debris-free she said "I am happy that India is moving towards making India's space mission debris-free by 2030". India celebrated its first-ever National Space Day on Friday on the theme "Touching Lives While Touching the Moon: India's Space Saga". On 23 August 2023, India achieved a historic milestone when the Chandrayaan-3 lander completed a soft landing on the moon. This remarkable accomplishment made India the 4th country to accomplish this feat and the 1st to land on the lunar South Pole. In recognition of this achievement, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has declared August 23 as National Space Day.

"A glorious moment for all Indians when Chandrayaan landed on moon" says President Murmu on National Space Day

India is set to celebrate its first <keyword id="22301946" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="National-Space-Day" source="keywords">National Space Day</keyword> on August 23, 2024. In 2023, on this very day, <keyword id="20376714" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-3" source="keywords">Chandrayaan 3</keyword> accomplished the safe and soft landing of <keyword id="21074312" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Vikram-Lander" source="keywords">Vikram Lander</keyword> on the <keyword id="20381887" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="lunar-surface" source="keywords">lunar surface</keyword>. India became the fourth country to land on the moon and the first to land near the southern polar region of the moon. The <keyword id="19909265" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Union-Government" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Union Government" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Union Government">Union Government</keyword> has declared August 23rd as "National Space Day" to celebrate the remarkable success of the Chandrayaan-3 Mission, which accomplished a safe and soft landing of the Vikram Lander and deployed the <keyword id="22760272" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Pragyaan-rover" source="keywords">Pragyaan rover</keyword> on the lunar surface near the South Pole. This achievement is being celebrated across the country with the goal of engaging and inspiring the younger generation in the field of <keyword id="21280701" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Space-Science" source="keywords">Space Science</keyword> and Technology. To commemorate this historical achievement, the Department of Fisheries (DoF), <keyword id="19923385" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Government-of-India" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Government of India" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Government of India">Government of India</keyword> (GoI), is organizing a series of seminars and demonstrations, to create awareness about the Application of Space Technologies in the Fisheries Sector. The events are being organized in collaboration with various coastal States and Union Territories, <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> and DoF field offices. Earlier, the notification issued by the Department of Space said India became the first country to land near the South pole of the moon with the success of the Chandrayaan-3 Mission. "With the success of the Chandrayaan-3 Mission on August 23, 2023, with the landing of the Vikram lander and deployment of the Pragyaan Rover on the lunar surface, India joins an elite group of Space faring nations becoming the fourth country to land on the moon and the first nation to land near to South pole of the moon," said the notification. "The outcome of this historic mission will benefit mankind in the years to come," it added. The notification said the day marks an important milestone in the country's advancements in space missions, will inspire younger generations towards enhanced interest in pursuing <keyword id="19960286" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="stem" source="keywords">STEM</keyword> and will provide a major impetus to the space sector. "The Government of India has declared August 23 of every year as 'National Space Day' to commemorate this historic moment," it said.

India set to celebrate first National Space Day on August 23

​10 missions before Chandrayaan-3 that define mankind’s quest to explore the moon ​

New Delhi [India], July 13 (ANI): <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword>, India's third lunar exploration mission, will make India the fourth country to land its spacecraft on the surface of the moon and demonstrate the country's abilities for safe and soft landing on lunar surface. The countdown for the launch of the mission began on Thursday at 14:35:17 IST ahead of take-off on Friday from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. The spacecraft will be launched on a GSLV Mark 3 (LVM 3) heavy-lift launch vehicle. This will be Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) follow-up attempt after the Chandrayaan-2 mission faced challenges during its soft landing in 2019. The 'Launch Rehearsal' simulating the entire launch preparation and process has been concluded by the ISRO. A day ahead of the Chandrayaan-3 mission, a team of ISRO scientists on Thursday visited and offered prayers at Tirupathi Venkatachalapathy Temple in Andhra Pradesh with a miniature model of Chandrayaan-3. If all goes well, Chandrayaan-3 will be the first spacecraft to land on Moon's South Pole, demonstrating India's technical prowess and bold spacefaring ambitions. Chandrayaan-3 mission will demonstrate a safe and soft landing on the lunar surface, rover roving on the moon and conducting in-situ scientific experiments. ISRO invited citizens to witness the launch of the much-awaited Chandrayaan-3 from the viewing gallery at Sriharikota. During the Chandrayaan-2 mission, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was just a notch away from the moon's surface. The journey from Earth to the moon for the to-be-launched spacecraft is estimated to take around a month and the landing is expected on August 23. Upon landing, it will operate for one lunar day, which is approximately 14 Earth days. One day on Moon is equal to 14 days on Earth. K Sivan, former director of ISRO, told that the success of mission Chandrayan-3 will give a morale boost to programs like Gaganyan. "We understood what went wrong with Chandrayan-2 when we could not land on the moon's surface, we recreated the failure modes and we ensured that this time we have success. The challenge is the same as Chandrayan-2, same environment for landing. This time we hope that we have done enough based on the lesson of Chandrayan-2 that gives us more confidence. In space there are always unknown unknowns...hope that all issues are addressed and that we emerge with success," he said. "We are getting tech landing on a celestial body. By landing successfully, we will acquire landing technology and it will be good for future generations. A number of scientific experiments are planned and scientists will have more knowledge of the moon's geology and the earth's origin," he added. Mylswamy Annadurai, Mission Director of Chandrayaan-1, said Chandrayaan-3 is a very important mission. "We have shown that we can orbit, but we could not do a soft landing, By doing so this time we can show that Chandrayan-1 was not an isolated success. Internationally, the world is looking back to the moon, the real seeding for that came from Chandrayaan-1. So we need to make this mission successful," he told ANI. "Hard lessons were learnt from Chandrayaan 1 and 2. At every step, we are supposed to have a plan B. There were some setbacks in Chandrayaan- 2. This time we are back on track. We are clear on what we want to do and it will ensure we can softly land on the surface of the moon. The target of landing is also larger, all elements have been tested multiple times, we hope this is a success...," he added. Chandrayaan-3's development phase commenced in January 2020 with plans to launch it somewhere in 2021, but the COVID-19 pandemic caused delays in the development process. The major discovery of the Chandrayaan-1 mission, launched in 2008, is the detection of water (H2O) and hydroxyl (OH) on the lunar surface. Data also revealed their enhanced abundance towards the polar region. The primary science objective of the mission was to prepare a three-dimensional atlas of both the near and far sides of the Moon and to conduct chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire lunar surface with high spatial resolution, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre under ISRO had said. Moon serves as a repository of earth's past and a successful lunar mission by India will help in enhancing life on Earth and prepare to explore the rest of the solar system - and beyond. Director of Indian Space and Research Organisation (ISRO), S Somanath, had said that if everything goes well, the spacecraft will land on the moon on August 23. The date has been decided based on sunrise on the moon but if it gets delayed, then landing may take place next month, he said. (ANI)

Chandrayaan 3: Countdown starts for India's third moon mission

Bengaluru, The <keyword id="16816527" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="propulsion-module" source="Orion">Propulsion Module</keyword> (PM) of Chandrayaan-3 has been moved from an orbit around the Moon to an orbit around Earth, <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> has said, terming the operation a unique experiment. The primary objective of the <keyword id="15331763" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chandrayaan-3-mission" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3 mission</keyword> was to demonstrate a soft landing near the lunar south polar region and perform experiments using the instruments on the 'Vikram' lander and the 'Pragyan' rover. The spacecraft was launched on July 14, 2023, on board the LVM3-M4 vehicle from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR). On August 23, the Vikram lander made its historic touchdown on the Moon and subsequently, the Pragyan rover was deployed. The scientific instruments in the lander and rover were operated continuously for one lunar day as per the defined mission life. "The mission objectives of Chandrayaan-3 have been completely met," the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said in a statement. For the Propulsion Module, the main objective was to ferry the lander module from the Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) to the final lunar polar circular orbit and separate the lander, it said. After the separation, the Spectro-polarimetry of HAbitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload in the PM was also operated, the space agency said. The initial plan was to operate this payload for about three months during the mission life of the PM. The precise orbit injection by LVM3 and optimal earth or lunar burn manoeuvres resulted in the availability of over 100 kg of fuel in the PM after over one month of operations in the lunar orbit, it added. ISRO said that it was decided to use the available fuel in the PM to derive additional information for future lunar missions and demonstrate the mission operation strategies for a sample return mission. To continue the SHAPE payload for earth observation, it was decided to re-orbit the PM to a suitable earth orbit. This mission plan was worked out considering collision avoidance such as preventing the PM from crashing onto the Moon's surface or entering into the Earth's Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit (GEO) belt at 36,000 km and orbits below that, the statement said. Considering the estimated fuel availability and the safety of the GEO spacecraft, the optimal earth return trajectory was designed for October 2023. The first maneuver was performed on October 9, 2023, to raise apolune altitude to 5,112 km from 150 km thus increasing the period of orbit from 2.1 hours to 7.2 hours. Later, considering the estimate of available propellant, the second manoeuvre plan was revised to target an Earth orbit of 1.8 lakh x 3.8 lakh km. The Trans-Earthinjection (TEI) maneuver was performed on October 13, 2023. In the post-TEI manoeuvre realised orbit, the PM made four Moon fly-bys before departing the sphere of influence (SOI) of the Moon on November 10. Currently, the PM is orbiting Earth and crossed its first perigee on November 22 with an altitude of 1.54 lakh km. The orbit period is nearly 13 days with a 27-degree inclination. The perigee and apogee altitude vary during its trajectory and the predicted minimum perigee altitude is 1.15 lakh km, ISRO said. "Hence as per current orbit prediction, there is no threat of close approach with any operational Earth-orbiting satellites," it said. As per the plan, the SHAPE payload is being operated whenever Earth is in its field of view. Also, a special operation of the SHAPE payload was carried out on October 28, 2023, during a solar eclipse. The SHAPE payload operations will continue further, the statement added. "UR Rao Satellite Centre/ISRO's flight dynamics team has developed an analysis tool from first principles for this operation which is being validated through the return maneuvers carried out for the Chandrayaan-3 PM," ISRO said. According to ISRO, the following are the main outcomes of the return manoeuvres carried out on the PM related to future missions: Planning and execution of trajectory and manoeuvres to return from the Moon to Earth; development of a software module to plan such a manoeuvre and its preliminary validation; planning and execution of a gravity-assisted fly-by across a planet or celestial body; and avoiding uncontrolled crashing of the PM onto the Moon's surface at the end of life of the PM thus meeting the requirements of no debris creation.

ISRO moves Chandrayaan-3 propulsion module to orbit around Earth in unique experiment

Watching the <keyword id="19915128" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-3" source="keywords">Chandrayaan-3</keyword> lander complete its soft-landing on the far side of the Moon was undoubtedly one of the most proud moments for all Indians in 2023. And yet, we tend to forget that this was an achievement that was somehow completed with a budget less than that of some Bollywood movies. Thanks to monumental achievements such as Chandrayaan and Aditya-L1, in addition to increased government support and a surge in private sector involvement, India’s <keyword id="20242397" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-sector" source="keywords">space sector</keyword> has been rapidly evolving. However, a defining theme of all the past successful missions in the space sector for <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> has been its ability to achieve them in the most economical way possible, often at one-tenth of the cost compared to its western counterparts. Now, as more funds flow in from both public and private routes, India’s space sector is at the precipice of a unmatched growth phase. With another hike in the pipeline for the space sector, the <keyword id="19955368" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Budget-2024" source="keywords">Budget 2024</keyword> is poised to further boost India’s position in the <keyword id="22469635" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-space-race" source="keywords">global space race</keyword> by enhancing funding, providing incentives, and fostering international collaborations. <h2>How does India’s space budget compare to other countries?</h2>As per the interim budget announcement, India’s space budget for 2024-25 will stand at around Rs 13,042.75 crores, a 4% increase from the previous year’s Rs 12,545 crore. To truly contextualise this, let’s compare it with other leading space-faring nations. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111827903" title="Union Budget 2024 for Railways: Expectations focused on improving passenger safety, experience, infrastructure" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>The USA, through <keyword id="19935155" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NASA" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="NASA" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="NASA">NASA</keyword>, allocated about Rs 2,12,000 crores ($25.4 billion) in 2023, focusing on the Artemis program, <keyword id="20999262" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars-exploration" source="keywords">Mars exploration</keyword>, and advanced satellite technologies, as per the The Planetary Society. China’s space program received approximately Rs 1,18,000 crores ($11 billion), supporting lunar missions, Mars exploration, and building its own space station, as per media reports. Meanwhile, The European Space Agency (ESA) had a budget of around Rs 63,700 crores ($7.6 billion) last year to fund a range of scientific missions, Earth observation, and international collaborations. While India's budget remains categorically minuscule in comparison, it prioritises cost-effective missions and innovative technologies, often achieving impressive results with fewer resources. However, many are concerned how this financial constraint could affect infrastructure development, cause delays in critical projects like <keyword id="6797456" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gaganyaan" source="Orion">Gaganyaan</keyword>, and restrict the private sector's growth and innovation. Furthermore, it may also limit India's influence in global space governance and international collaborations, at a time when most countries seem to be set on a race to transform themselves into a space-faring society. <h2>Upcoming missions and international collaborations</h2>While space spending can be useful for many quality of life aspects — such as agriculture and climate preparedness — it is often the major space missions that steal the spotlight. Key projects in the 2024 budget include the Gaganyaan mission, which aims to send Indian astronauts into space. Additionally, the Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (<keyword id="20475168" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mangalyaan" source="keywords">Mangalyaan</keyword> 2) is slated for a 2024 launch, which — if successful — could mark a significant step in India's interplanetary exploration prowess. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111689743" title="Union Budget 2024: A handy FAQ guide to decode the upcoming budget" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>International collaborations are also a significant cornerstone of India’s space strategy. The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission, scheduled for 2024, exemplifies such partnerships. This mission will provide critical data for understanding Earth’s changing ecosystems, ice mass, and natural hazards. International collaborations are crucial because they help a great deal with enhancing technical expertise and shared resources. As such, joint ventures like NISAR and partnerships with other space agencies help India stay competitive globally. Another significant collaboration is with the United States, where an Indian astronaut will be sent to the International Space Station (ISS) by the end of 2024. <h2>Indian leadership in space tech</h2>The budget may be low, but India’s space spirit is certainly not weak. Despite limited resources, India has demonstrated strengths in many aspects of space technologies. For instance, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is known for its reliable and cost-effective launch vehicles, like the PSLV and GSLV, which have successfully placed numerous satellites into orbit. In a tremendous feat, the PSLV-C37 successfully launched 104 satellites in a single flight in September 2023! <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111688482" title="Budget A-Z, for the GenZ: A fun and handy guide for major terms around upcoming Union Budget" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>India also excels in manufacturing satellites for communication, weather monitoring, and Earth observation. The upcoming deployment of 50 AI-powered GEOINT satellites will enhance national security and surveillance. With the right investments, India could lead globally in low-cost space missions and innovative satellite technologies. <h2>Long-term visions for India’s space program</h2>The long-term vision for India's space program, as outlined in the Budget, includes establishing a dedicated space station by 2035 and increasing the country’s share in the global space economy. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111807009" title="Despite pandemic and growing health scares, India’s budget share for healthcare continues to decline" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>The Indian government aims to capture nearly 10% of the global space market by 2030, up from its current 2-3% share. This ambition aligns with broader geopolitical and economic goals, positioning India as a key player in space exploration and satellite services. Budget 2024 will be crucial for strengthening India’s position in the global space race. As the country gears up for upcoming missions and technological advancements, the global space community will be closely watching India's progress.

Budget 2024: How will budget affect India’s position in the global space race?

<ul class="summary-list"><li>China's lunar probe returned to Earth with the first-ever samples from the moon's far side. </li><li>The samples could answer crucial questions about how planets form.</li></ul>China just took a huge leap forward in its plans to dominate space.On Tuesday, its Chang'e-6 lunar probe successfully returned to Earth carrying the first-ever samples from the moon's far side. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrFGMaB9kjo">A video showed </a>an official triumphantly planting a Chinese flag near the capsule in Mongolia after it glided back to our planet by parachute.The samples, which include 2.5 million-year-old volcanic rock, could answer crucial questions about how planets form, as well as the moon's history.But they are significant for another reason too.They signify China's growing prowess in orbit, as well as its potential to someday leapfrog the US in the race to dominate space.<h2 id="e5565559-09e3-4a5e-aba9-a6a2fdad33fa">The moon's far side</h2>The moon's far side is considered particularly challenging to explore because of its craters and the difficulty of maintaining communications with vehicles landing there.China is the only country to have landed in this tricky terrain and returned with samples. The latest mission, which launched on May 3, is China's second successful landing on the moon's far side, with the first launched in 2019.Overall, it has soft-landed on the moon four times.The US, meanwhile, has had less luck. In <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astobotic-faulty-valve-doomed-peregrine-moon-lander-lunar-mission-leak-2024-1">January</a>, Astrobiotic <a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vulcan-peregrine-us-mission-first-land-moon-astrobotic-human-remains-2024-1">launched a lander</a> into space, with the aim of it being the first American spacecraft to soft land on the moon since the Apollo era.But its hopes were quickly dashed after a <a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astrobotic-moon-lander-leaking-fuel-after-launch-threatening-mission-2024-1">fuel leak</a> caused a failure in the spacecraft's propellant system.In February, Intuitive Machines, in collaboration with NASA, achieved a first: landing a US commercial spacecraft <a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-moon-landings-on-lunar-south-pole-crashed-2023-8">on the moon without crashing</a>.But that had complications. As previously reported by <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intuitive-machines-im-1-odysseus-moon-lunar-landing-mission-nasa-2024-2">Business Insider,</a> when the spacecraft touched down on the moon, it stopped communicating with mission control.The recent moon-landing scoreboard is "4 to 0.5" in favor of China, Simone Dell'Agnello, a researcher who collaborated with Chang'e 6, told <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wsj.com/world/asia/historic-moon-mission-gets-china-one-small-step-ahead-in-space-race-41894d41">The Wall Street Journal. </a>"The first difference is that China has missions landing on the fucking moon."<h2 id="31daf330-3f01-460b-9b3b-5b7588f74167">The space race heats up</h2>China is now rivaling the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-beat-us-race-moon-lunar-lander-peregrine-fuel-leak-2024-1">US and Russia as a leading space power. </a>It has its own manned space station, Tiangong, and in 2022 became the second country after the US to land a robotic vehicle on the surface of Mars.Analysts believe that China's leader, Xi Jinping, sees huge economic and military opportunities in space. China is planning to send a crewed flight to the moon by <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-beat-us-race-moon-lunar-lander-peregrine-fuel-leak-2024-1">2030 and build a base at the lunar south pole.</a>The US is gearing up for its own space exploration missions and has rival plans to land a crewed flight on the moon and build a base.The head of NASA, Bill Nelson, has said that the US and China are involved in a new "space race" and that China's research missions are being used for covert military activity.He said that China seems to be accelerating its plans to send a crewed flight to the moon."It is incumbent on us to get there first," <a target="_blank" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?c5115651/nasa-administrator-race-chine-south-pole-moon">told Congress in April.</a>At stake are <a target="_blank" href="https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4783/1">water supplies scientists believe may be on the moon's far side</a>, which China could claim. These supplies would be vital for establishing a moon base or for further space exploration.Pentagon officials have warned that China is seeking to potentially disable US satellites if a war breaks out between them.China has insisted its space program is for the benefit of humanity.But it's also a race for control of economic resources and military power in the intensifying rivalry between the US and China.

China's historic moon mission is just the start of its plans to dominate space

The <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>) on Tuesday successfully performed the third orbit-raising maneuver (Earth-bound perigee firing) of the <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword> spacecraft. The next firing is planned for July 20 between 2 pm and 3 pm, the national space agency headquartered here said. "The third orbit-raising maneuver (Earth-bound perigee firing) is performed successfully from ISTRAC (ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network)/ISRO, Bengaluru," it said. The Chandrayaan-3 mission to the Moon was launched on July 14.

Chandrayaan-3: ISRO successfully completes third orbit-raising manoeuvre

Mumbai, Of the 111 lunar missions in the last seven decades, 62 were successful, 41 failed and eight achieved partial success, according to the US space agency <keyword id="18017957" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NASAs-database-on-Moon" source="Orion">NASA's database on Moon</keyword> missions. India on Friday launched its third mission to the Moon, <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword>, with an aim to soft land on the surface of Earth's only natural satellite. A successful landing would make India the fourth country to achieve the rare feat after the United States, China and the erstwhile USSR. According to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the technically challenging soft landing on the lunar surface, which Chandrayaan-2 could not achieve, has been planned for 5.47 pm on August 23. Former <keyword id="648399" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO-chairman-G-Madhavan-Nair" source="Orion">ISRO chairman G Madhavan Nair</keyword> said the success rate of lunar missions is nearly 50 per cent because of the uncertainties when the rockets leave Earth's gravitational field. "The influence of other planets, from the Sun, is quite a bit. A lot of radiation conditions exist in space and this leaves some equipment or components prone to failure. In India's both missions (Chandrayaan 1 and 2), we have precisely reached the moon's orbit," Nair told PTI on Friday. From 1958 to 2023, India as well as the US, the USSR (now Russia), Japan, the European Union, China and Israel have launched different lunar missions - from orbiters, landers and flyby (orbiting the Moon, landing on the Moon and flying by the Moon), as per the data. The first mission to the Moon - Pioneer 0 - was launched by the US on August 17, 1958, though it was unsuccessful. Six more missions were launched by the USSR and the US in the same year, but all failed. Luna 1, launched by the USSR on January 2, 1959, achieved partial success. It was also the first 'Moon flyby' mission. The Ranger 7 mission launched in July 1964 by the US was the first to take close-up pictures of the Moon. The first lunar soft landing and first pictures from the lunar surface came from Luna 9, launched by the USSR in January 1966. Five months later, in May 1966, the US successfully launched a similar mission named Surveyor-1. The Apollo 11 mission in July 1969 was the landmark expedition through which humans stepped onto the lunar surface for the first time. The three-crewed mission was headed by Neil Amstrong. From 1958 to 1979, only the US and the USSR launched Moon missions. In these 21 years, the two countries launched 90 such space expeditions. There was a lull in the decade that followed with no lunar missions from 1980-89. Japan, the European Union, China, India and Israel were late entrants. Japan launched Hiten, an orbiter mission in January 1990. This was also Japan's first Moon mission. After that, in September 2007, Japan launched Selene, another orbiter mission. There were six lunar missions from 2000-2009 - Europe (Smart-1), Japan (Selene), China (Chang'e 1), India (Chandrayaan-1) and the US (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and LCCROSS). Since 1990, the US, Japan, India, the European Union, China and Israel have collectively launched 21 lunar missions.

Success rate of lunar missions is a little over 50% as per NASA database

<ul><li>Whether reaching the moon's surface or financial milestones, both arise from a balanced combination of preparation, and the willingness to pursue long-term goals. </li><li>Just like it was done for Chandrayaan-3 it is important to plan for contingencies and set up risk mitigating measures. </li><li>Chandrayaan-3 demonstrates that success often requires weathering challenges and staying the course. </li></ul>All of India rejoiced when Chandrayaan-3 made a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/india-becomes-4th-country-to-land-on-moon-chandrayaan-3-first-to-land-on-moons-south-pole/articleshow/102987778.cms">successful landing </a>on the moon’s South Pole on August 23 at 6.04 pm IST. Not only did this feat make Indians proud, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/webstories/from-musk-to-adani-to-sachin-to-srk-congratulations-pour-in-for-isros-chandrayaan-3-feat/slidelist/103016187.cms">congratulations poured in</a> for this remarkable feat from all corners of the world. Like from major scientific achievements, there are lessons for the common man from this extraordinary accomplishment. We take a look: <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Be prepared to play a long time game" text="Be prepared to play a long time game">Be prepared to play a long time game</cmsannotation> The success of the <keyword id="15331763" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chandrayaan-3-mission" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3 mission</keyword> serves as a significant milestone in India's space exploration and highlights the value of a long-term approach. Chandrayaan 1, India’s first moon mission was the result of decades of hard work by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) scientists. Similarly, in personal finance, successful wealth creation often hinges on sustained efforts and patient investment strategies. The mission's journey echoes the slow yet rewarding process of accumulating wealth over time. Building financial security and prosperity requires disciplined, consistent efforts. Investors should recognize that the path to financial success is paved with prudent, long-term decision-making and a dedication to their goals. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Persistence is key" text="Persistence is key">Persistence is key</cmsannotation> Chandrayaan-3's role in India's space trajectory is symbolic of the value of a patient, long-term approach. Likewise, the world of finance teaches us that substantial wealth is created through consistent, disciplined investing over time. Just as the mission's trajectory unfolded gradually to reach its destination, investors should recognize that financial success is achieved by navigating a path of prudent decisions, commitment, and a focus on long-term objectives. Chandrayaan-3 demonstrates that success often requires weathering challenges and staying the course, just as successful wealth accumulation requires the stamina to ride out market fluctuations and maintain a commitment to strategic investments. Both journeys share the same principle: achievements, whether reaching the moon's surface or financial milestones, arise from a balanced combination of preparation, dedication, and the willingness to pursue long-term goals. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Be ready for contingencies" comment="subhead" text="Be ready for contingencies">Be ready for contingencies</cmsannotation> ISRO adopted a 'failure-based design' strategy, prioritising scenarios of potential failure to safeguard the mission against challenges and secure a successful and safe landing. “We have also made sure that if two of the engines don’t work this time also, it will still be able to land. So the whole design has been made to make sure that it should be able to handle many failures, provided the algorithms work properly,” said ISRO chairman S Somanath. Similarly, when it comes to your personal finances it is important to plan for possible contingencies and set up risk mitigating measures in place. There are two important things you need to do to be prepared for an emergency situation. The first is to create an emergency fund, which essentially entails keeping six months of your expenses in liquid form, so that you can use it in case of job loss or need of funds in an emergency. The other is to have adequate health cover so that you are protected in an event of hospitalisation, which could set you back by several lakhs. FInally, life insurance, which protects your family in case of an eventuality is also important. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Harness the power of compounding" text="Harness the power of compounding">Harness the power of compounding</cmsannotation> Chandrayaan-3 did not reach the moon in the same way as spacecrafts from other nations like the US and Russia have done. Instead it utilised the Oberth effect by initially circling Earth in an elliptical orbit. As it gained velocity at its closest point, this energy was harnessed to propel the spacecraft to the moon's orbit effectively. The Oberth effect is a principle in space travel where the efficiency of a propulsion system increases with higher speed in a gravitational field. Chandrayaan-3 thus used the power of gravity to reach the moon in a cost effective and efficient manner. The Oberth effect can be likened to the compound interest. In the same way, the power of compounding plays a big role in wealth accumulation. When you earn interest on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest, your wealth grows exponentially over time. This compounding effect leads to accelerated growth, as the interest you earn generates more interest. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Manage your risks when nearing retirement" text="Manage your risks when nearing retirement">Manage your risks when nearing retirement</cmsannotation> Soft landing, a pivotal but challenging aspect of moon missions, draws a parallel to retirement planning's necessity for stability. Chandrayaan-3's advanced landing gears point to the significance of minimising volatility during crucial phases. Just as the spacecraft's landing gears were enhanced to absorb shock loads, individuals nearing retirement should focus on preserving their savings. Prioritising capital preservation over aggressive growth becomes vital to ensure financial security during retirement years. As retirement nears, a balanced allocation between stable options like debt and a gradual reduction in equity exposure can minimise financial shocks.

Five personal finance lessons to learn from ISRO’s Chandrayaan-3 mission

New Delhi, What was known in theory has now been confirmed twice. The Chandrayaan-3 mission has authenticated the presence of sulphur on the lunar south pole region after on site tests, a historical first that could provide clues to the origins of the Moon and also have profound significance for space exploration, say scientists. On Thursday, India's space agency ISRO said the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectroscope (APXS) instrument onboard the Pragyan rover confirmed the presence of sulphur and some other elements in the lunar south. Before that, on Tuesday, ISRO announced that another instrument, the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS), found sulphur in the region. In line with expectations, ISRO also reported the LIBS instrument had detected aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon and oxygen. "The elements found on the Moon are not merely isolated compounds. They are time capsules carrying the whispers of cosmic history. Such findings not only reshape our comprehension of lunar formations but also offer potential prospects for lunar exploration and habitation," Akash Sinha, who was involved in developing software for the Pragyan rover, told PTI. "One prevailing theory is that the sulphur may be trapped within water ice, implying that we might be on the brink of a monumental discovery: the physical presence of water ice on the moon," the professor of practice at Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence in Delhi-NCR added. An old undated document from the US space agency NASA suggested the potential utilisation of sulphur for making lunar bricks or concrete using it with moon soil. Interestingly, China's reported plans to test printing bricks from lunar soil this decade for constructing a permanent moon base align with this idea. The revelation of sulphur's presence might hold clues to the Moon's composition and its volcanic past, scientists said. "Surface sulphur comes from volcanic activity, indicating heavy volcanism at some point in the Moon's history. However, the detection is from only one spot, so we need more data to gain a clearer picture," said T V Venkateswaran, a scientist at Vigyaan Prasar, an autonomous organisation under the Department of Science and Technology (DST). Sinha added that the discovery of sulphur represents a significant breakthrough in the understanding of lunar geology. "The presence of sulphur, especially in an area where volcanic activity-a common source of sulphur-is notably absent opens up intriguing possibilities about the origins of the Moon," he said. According to astrophysicist Sandip Chakrabarti, the in-situ measurements definitively confirm sulphur's presence in the region, a feat beyond the capabilities of the instruments on the previous Chandrayaan 1 and 2 orbiters. "The compositions show abundant lighter metals such as aluminium and also abundant sulphur and iron. Sulphur could come from lunar volcanoes. Only traces of heavy metals such as titanium, and chromium, were found. These are along the expected lines," Chakrabarti, director of the Indian Center for Space Physics in Kolkata, told PTI. These elements, he explained, aren't in their pure form and would need processing for future extraction. "The discoveries made by Chandrayaan-3 hold vast implications for lunar exploration. Beyond the allure of space travel, the presence of these elements paints a vivid picture of the Moon's character," Chakrabarti reflected. Experts also believe that aluminium's lightweight strength could become a resource for future missions, potentially transforming the Moon into a launchpad for further space exploration. Calcium's critical role in biological processes could fuel discussions about the Moon's potential as a scientific research hub. Chakrabarti expressed his enthusiasm for Pragyan's contribution. "It is indeed heartening that Pragyan is actually sending the composition of the topsoil of the landing area, namely, Shiv-Shakti point." He also highlighted the need for helium, hydrogen and water for future space travel, survival and power generation. "Right now, we are concentrating on survival on the Moon and not getting richer," he added. ISRO has initiated a thorough investigation into the presence of hydrogen. Venkateswaran, who is also a member of the outreach committee of the Astronomical Society of India, emphasised the rover's role in confirming a finding from Chandrayaan-1 about hydrogen particles reflected by the Moon's surface in 2008. "We do need to see water in any of its forms and hydrogen. That would be a genuine achievement," Chakrabarti added. Chandrayaan-3 touched down on the lunar south pole on August 23, making India the first country to land on the uncharted surface.

Chandrayaan's detection of sulphur, other elements will help unveil Moon's mysteries, say experts

Bengaluru, The ISRO on Tuesday said <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword> has completed its orbits around the earth and is now heading towards the Moon. "A successful <keyword id="18224854" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="perigee-firing" source="Orion">perigee-firing</keyword> performed at ISTRAC (ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network). ISRO has injected the spacecraft into the translunar orbit," it said. The key manoeuvre was carried out early on Tuesday to slingshot the spacecraft towards the moon. "Chandrayaan-3 completes its orbits around the Earth and heads towards the moon," the national space agency said, adding, "Next stop: the moon." "As it arrives at the moon, the Lunar-Orbit Insertion is planned for August 5, 2023," ISRO said. An ISRO official told PTI that following the trans-lunar injection, the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft escaped from orbiting the Earth and is now following a path that would take it to the vicinity of the moon. The ISRO had said it would attempt softlanding on the lunar surface on August 23. The spacecraft's orbit was progressively increased five times after the Chandrayaan-3 mission to Moon was launched on July 14.

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