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Incidence of stroke and related deaths are rising substantially around the world, with <keyword id="19900550" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="air-pollution" source="keywords">air pollution</keyword>, <keyword id="21334318" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="high-temperatures" source="keywords">high temperatures</keyword> and metabolic risk factors such as high blood pressure and physical inactivity, driving these increases, according to estimates published in The Lancet Neurology journal. Researchers found that the contribution of high temperatures to poor health and early death due to stroke has increased 72% since 1990 and is likely to continue increasing in the future, thereby highlighting how environmental factors can impact growing stroke burden. Further, for the first time, particulate matter or PM air pollution was found to have the same contribution as smoking towards causing a fatal form of brain bleed, according to the researchers forming the <keyword id="20691740" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Global-Burden-of-Disease" source="keywords">Global Burden of Disease</keyword>, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) group. The GBD study, the "largest and most comprehensive effort to quantify health loss across places and over time", is coordinated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, US. Globally, the number of people experiencing a stroke for the first time rose to 119 lakh in 2021 -- up by 70% since 1990 -- while deaths related to stroke rose to 73 lakh, which was up by 44% since 1990, making the neurological condition the third leading cause of death after ischaemic heart disease (short supply of blood to heart) and COVID-19. They added that over three-fourth of those affected by strokes live in low- and middle-income countries. According to lead author Valery L. Feigin from Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, the rapid growth in the number of people affected by stroke strongly suggested that <keyword id="23228151" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="stroke-prevention" source="keywords">stroke prevention</keyword> strategies currently used are not sufficiently effective. "New, proven effective population-wide and motivational individual prevention strategies that could be applied to all people at risk of having a stroke, regardless of the level of risk, as recommended in the recent Lancet Neurology Commission on Stroke should be implemented across the globe urgently," said Feigin. The researchers also estimated that stroke-related liabilities attributable to 23 modifiable risk factors, including air pollution, excess body weight, high blood pressure, smoking and physical inactivity, increased from 100 million years of healthy life lost in 1990 to 135 million in 2021. These risk factors are present in huge numbers in Eastern Europe, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, they said. The authors also acknowledged substantial progress made in reducing the global stroke burden from risk factors linked to poor diet, air pollution and smoking. Poor health resulting from diets high in processed meat and low in vegetables declined by 40 % and 30%, respectively, while that due to PM air pollution and smoking fell by 20 % and 13%, respectively, they found. The results suggested that strategies for reducing exposure to these risk factors over the past three decades such as clean air zones and public smoking bans have been successful, the authors said. They called for implementing and monitoring the evidence-based recommendations set out in the 2023 World Stroke Organization-Lancet Neurology Commission on stroke for drastically reducing the global burden of stroke in the years to come and improving brain health and overall well-being of millions of people around the world. The recommendations include stroke surveillance programmes that monitor indicators of stroke such as incidence, recurrence, death rates and risk factors in a country, and care and rehabilitation services for people affected by stroke.

Stroke cases increasing globally, air pollution, high temperatures driving numbers, notes Lancet Study

A new study by <keyword id="5069783" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Centre-for-Chronic-Disease-Control" source="Orion">Centre for Chronic Disease Control</keyword>, India (CCDC) on cardiovascular risk reduction in South Asia has demonstrated significant long-term benefits of a multi-faceted quality improvement (QI) strategy, comprising of task sharing, and clinical decision support software (CDSS) with electronic health records, in managing type-2 diabetes in India and Pakistan. The study, published in the prestigious journal PLOS Medicine, highlights the sustained impact of QI interventions on <keyword id="21411276" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="diabetes-care" source="keywords">diabetes care</keyword> and associated complications over a median follow-up period of 6.5 years. The burden of diabetes Diabetes control remains a global challenge, leading to severe complications such as <keyword id="22908" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="heart-disease" source="Orion">heart disease</keyword>, <keyword id="25191" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="stroke" source="Orion">stroke</keyword>, <keyword id="16753" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="blindness" source="Orion">blindness</keyword> or visual impairment, and kidney and nerve damage. LMICs are often faced with challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and trained healthcare staff with digital literacy. In that respect, the study's findings are crucial for integrating care models sustainably and identifying relevant organizational barriers. Previous studies from high-income countries showed improvements in diabetes care, but their long-term impact on vascular complications and mortality was unclear. This study aimed to address the critical gap in data regarding the long-term effectiveness of QI strategies and their impacts on vascular complications in LMICs. Professor Nikhil Tandon, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, and senior author of the study explained the relevance of these findings in the context of national efforts to combat non-communicable diseases (NCDs). He said, "The <keyword id="22511956" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Programme-for-NCDs" source="keywords">National Programme for NCDs</keyword> [NP-NCDs] operationalized by the Government of India has already a functional portal which provides an electronic health record functionality. Integrating the CDSS in this portal will provide significant incremental benefit to the impact of the National Programme, and bolster governmental efforts to battle the scourge of NCDs including diabetes and hypertension." Speaking about the findings, Prof. (Dr) Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Executive Director, CCDC, and one of the study authors, said, "Through the trial, we've demonstrated that a sustained quality improvement strategy can significantly enhance diabetes care and reduce complications in South Asia. For every 13 patients treated with this strategy, one major adverse cardiovascular event like heart attacks or strokes- or a microvascular event -like eye disease or decline in kidney function- was prevented, showcasing its profound impact on patient outcomes." Professor MK Ali, William H. Foege Distinguished Professor of Global Health, Emory University and one of the key authors of this article, said, "This study is an exemplar of trans-national collaboration for benefits of both, the global south and global north." Study Design and Findings The randomized clinical trial included 1,146 patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes across ten outpatient diabetes clinics from January 2011 through September 2019. Participants were randomized to receive either the QI strategy, which involved trained non-physician care coordinators and a clinical decision support software (CDSS) integrated into the electronic health record form, for physicians, or the usual care. Some of the key findings from the study include: <ul><li>At 6.5 years, patients in the QI strategy group were nearly twice as likely to achieve and maintain target levels for HbA1c (&lt;7%), systolic blood pressure (&lt;130mmHg), and LDL-cholesterol (&lt;100mg/dl), compared to the usual care group. </li><li> The incidence of first microvascular complications, such as diabetic eye disease, decline in kidney function, and nerve pain was notably 32% lower in the QI group. </li><li>There was a significant 28% reduction in the combined occurrence of microvascular and macrovascular events in the QI group.</li></ul> Importantly, these benefits were sustained only in clinics that continued the QI strategy for 6.5 years. With diabetes accounting for one in seven deaths in South Asia, the study provides unique insights into the sustainability of QI strategies in achieving diabetes care goals in low- and middle-income (LMICs) and the effects of these improvements on reducing vascular complications and diabetes-related deaths.

CCDC study reveals multi-pronged diabetes care improves patient outcomes in India, Pakistan

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Over a million Ukrainians have fled the country amid <keyword id="11894337" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="russia" source="Orion">Russia</keyword>'s invasion so far. </li><li><keyword id="6364896" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="public-health" source="Orion">Public health</keyword> experts told Insider that there's a correlation between war and public health. </li></ul>Where there's war, a public health crisis follows, and as Ukrainians flee Russia's invasion they're at risk of infectious diseases and worsening chronic conditions, public health experts say. "It's been well documented that war leads to all kinds of public health problems most importantly, infectious diseases, but also worsening of any kind of chronic disease that people have," Dr. David Eisenman, the director of the UCLA Center for Public Health and Disasters, told Insider. Dr. Howard Hu, the chair of the Department of Population and Public Health Sciences at the Keck School of Medicine of USC, told Insider that as civilians face the anxiety of fleeing war, it becomes harder to do things like isolate or socially distance. "Well, with most wars the civilian population is always at risk and the burden of disease and death is usually much greater from the side effects of war than the actual people being killed by bombs and bullets, because war typically destroys the infrastructure and changes that behavior, it creates crowding conditions that will increase the risk of disease," Hu said.Hu said another setback is that the war creates an inability for countries to carry out their typical vaccination policies that would limit the impact of COVID-19 once an infection happens. "So it's a disaster all the way around," Hu said. According to data compiled by <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations?country=OWID_WRL">Our World in Data</a> as of February 23, only 35% of <keyword id="11985141" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ukraine" source="Orion">Ukraine</keyword>'s population is vaccinated. Additionally, some countries accepting Ukrainian refugees, like <a href="https://pl.usembassy.gov/ukraine-information-page/">Poland</a>, have waived COVID-19 testing and quarantine protocols. Máire Connolly, a global health professor at the National University of Ireland Galway told <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/03/01/russia-invasion-ukraine-pandemic-health-effects/">The Washington Post</a> that she's also concerned about polio: Ukraine was dealing with a re-emergence of polio cases due to low immunization rates, <a href="https://www.unicef.org/ukraine/en/press-releases/unicef-welcomes-ukraines-plan-stop-polio-outbreak">UNICEF</a> reported. However, Eisenman told Insider many refugees so far have been housed in homes or hotels and not encampments, "so they should have good access to sanitation and clean water. I'm not so sure if that will be a big problem if they settling in those kind of situations in well-developed countries like Poland," Eisenman said. Hu told Insider he's concerned about the spread of tuberculosis during the conflict, noting that Ukraine has the highest incident rate of the respiratory disease among the 53 countries in the <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/treating-tuberculosis-in-ukraine">World Health Organization's</a> European region. "So in 2020, for instance, there were 17,593 new cases of tuberculosis and to manage that you need to reduce crowding. You have to be able to have a health system that can screen patients. All that's gonna be gone and not only do they have this unfortunate tuberculosis problem in Ukraine, but a lot of the tuberculosis cases are so-called drug resistant tuberculosis," Hu said. Additionally, both Hu and Eisenman noted that stress and anxiety play an impact on immunity, meaning both Ukrainians fleeing and those who remain in the country are more suspectable to getting sick and could have a harder time fighting off an infection. Both Hu and Eisenman told Insider people with chronic conditions will also face problems getting medication or routine care. As health infrastructure gets destroyed, or as people shelter to avoid the fighting, they most likely won't venture out to refill prescriptions or get check-ups. Eisenman said that could lead to people going to clinics or hospitals after their conditions deteriorate, which could also further strain systems. For people still in Ukraine, Eisenman said healthcare systems are being targeted and impacted by the war, which could leave hospitals without power or water."One would hope that the war will not disturb the ability of healthcare personnel to attend to the wounded, do what they need to do to try to reduce the impact of the loss of civilian infrastructure," Hu said. "But violations of medical impartiality, neutrality happen all the time in conflicts."Both Hu and Eisenman also warned that there would be an impact on mental health. "This is always overlooked and with a million refugees now going out of Ukraine the trauma of that always has to be dealt with right away," Eisenman said. Hu said that the trauma can lead to a number of conditions, including PTSD, anxiety, or depression. Eisenman noted that for people with pre-existing mental health disorders, the war could mean they're unable to get necessary medications, and a gap in taking prescribed drugs could lead to a relapse in symptoms. Countries and organizations accepting refugees should keep in mind that those fleeing the war are "shell shocked" and may need mental health support alongside care for physical ailments, Hu said.

Public health experts say the 'burden of disease and death' will face Ukrainians fleeing Russia's invasion

<ul><li>Vector-borne diseases — including malaria, dengue and chikungunya — cost India nearly $3 billion to $4 billion every year.</li><li>The impact of such diseases could increase the burden on a recessionary economy if essential actions like individual protection measures are not taken into consideration.</li><li>The importance of essential measures like wearing clothes that minimise skin exposure, and using mosquito repellents is all the more important with authorities already being stretched thin.</li></ul>Vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue and chikungunya aren’t cheap for India. They carry a socio-economic burden of $3 billion to $4 billion every year for India, according to a study by the World Health Organisation (WHO). <div type="twitter" handle="BiIndia" handlename="Business Insider India🇮🇳" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1232926719016718336/sfffJHNV_normal.jpg" favoritecount="42" retweetcount="10" status="#StopTheSpread | @thrive_india’s @docmranney speaks to @sunilkat, CEO India &amp; SAARC, @GodrejGroup, @PATHtweets'… https://t.co/8R3RWd6YsK" createdat="1591691390000" id="1270271874505699329"></div> “Post-COVID, what it does to a recessionary economy that’s slowing down, nobody can predict,” said Sunil Kataria, CEO of Godrej Consumers Products in India, during the ‘Stop the Spread’ panel with Business Insider India. <div type="image" title="Malaria3_edited" msid="76436839" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A man sleeps inside an auto-rickshaw covering with a mosquito net in Kurla&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> However, with the coronavirus pandemic taking hold in India, vector-borne diseases aren’t on top of people’s list of concerns. “Every fever is not necessarily coronavirus. People need to understand, that particularly now, the seasonality of vector-borne diseases, that there are other things to be wary of,” said Marcus Ranney of Thrive Global India. This is highlighted by a poll that First Moms Club conducted to find that 95% of mothers are only thinking about the coronavirus — not vector-borne diseases. “This is not a topic that’s come up, which used to come up till last year around this time,” said Ruchita Dar Shah, the Founder and CEO of First Moms Club. <div type="image" title="Malaria6_edited" msid="76436845" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mosquito repellent used in houses&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> With the authorities already stretched thin, not taking the necessary steps to prevent diseases like malaria, dengue and chikungunya could stress the economy even further. Essential actions like wearing clothes that minimise skin exposure — especially during the day — using <a href="https://www.amazon.in/Goodknight-Gold-Flash-Mosquito-Repellent/dp/B07YX8XV5S/ref=sr_1_4?dchild=1&amp;keywords=Good+Knight&amp;qid=1592285181&amp;sr=8-4">mosquito repellents</a>, household aerosol products, mosquito coils can reduce the risk. Vector-borne diseases were already increasing before coronavirus Dengue has affected more than two lakh people in 2019. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare’s estimates show that 25 states and union territories (UTs) across India have reported an increase in the number of dengue cases from 2018 to 2019. <div type="image" title="Malaria2_edited" msid="76436858" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Employees of BMCC perform an anti-malaria fumigation drive inside a slum in Kalina, Mumbai &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> “Since late 2019 the cases of dengue started increasing,” said Kaushik Sarkar, the India technical lead for Malaria No More. Data provided by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) shows that the total number of combined dengue, malaria and chikungunya cases in 2019 came up to 487,730. “This year, malaria interventions have been pushed back, because of the lockdown and other measures that have prevented mass level interventions,” said Sarkar citing that there is every potential for a “large upsurge of cases” of malaria and dengue this year if <a href="https://www.amazon.in/HIT-Spray-Flying-Insect-Killer/dp/B00H0FIL6I/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&amp;keywords=HiT&amp;qid=1592285262&amp;sr=8-1">essential precautions </a>aren’t taken at an individual level to prevent the spread of the disease. <div type="image" title="Malaria1_edited" msid="76436872" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Students of St Aloysius College, Mangaluru cleaning Bunder area &amp;#8212; identified as a high-risk area for malaria and other vector-borne diseases.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> Climate change is allowing mosquitoes to thrive An additional point of concern this year is that climate change is altering the geographical and seasonal distribution of vector-borne diseases. Normally, between March 15 to April 15 the number of mosquitoes increases. And then, with the summers coming in, there is a sharp drop in mosquito infestation until the monsoon season kicks in. “Ever since the lockdown has happened, we haven’t seen a drop. It’s the first time that we have seen such a change. Between April and May, there’s been a steady pattern of mosquito infestation in the country,” said Kataria, highlighting how climate change is also responsible for the increase in cyclones across the country and locust attacks in the northern parts of India. <div type="image" title="Malaria5_edited" msid="76436877" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A potter making earthen lamps under an anti-mosquito coil to protect himself from the dengue mosquito at Mandiri Mohalla locality in Patna, Bihar&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> “Global climate is adding a new variable to the fight against vector-borne diseases,” Kataria explained. While India battles coronavirus, it’s important to remember that the fight against malaria, dengue and chikungunya is ongoing. Offices and large spaces have remained shut during the lockdown, where water may have collected providing a breeding ground for mosquitoes, as per Ranney. He cites prevention being the only cure during the current crisis. While there is no reason to be scared it’s essential to be aware, take the right actions and ensure <a href="https://www.amazon.in/Good-Knight-Naturals-Agarbatti-AntiMosquito/dp/B07NQJCN9V">prevention</a> at an individual level. Disclaimer: Business Insider has partnered with Godrej Consumer Products Limited to help you take the necessary steps to prevent VBD.

In all the noise around COVID-19 — the risks from malaria, dengue and chikungunya are ignored

(Photo Source: wikimedia.org) <ul><li><keyword id="2411223" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="air-pollution-in-India">Air pollution in India</keyword> has led to more diseases than smoking or tobacco use, reveals a recent study on Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 published in the <keyword id="7101191" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Lancet-Planetary-Health-journal">Lancet Planetary Health journal</keyword>. </li><li>India covers 18% of the global population, which accounts to significantly higher (26%) global premature deaths caused by air pollution, in contrast. </li><li>One in every eight deaths in India is a result of air pollution. In fact, if India had not been under serious threat of worsening air pollution levels, the average life expectancy of its citizens would have been 1.7 years more. </li></ul>Amid the alarming air pollution levels in India, a recent study on <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519618302614?via%3Dihub">Global Burden of Disease Study 2017</a> in the Lancet Planetary Health journal reveals that air pollution has caused more diseases than the ones caused due to tobacco use or smoking, accounting for over 1.24 million deaths in India in 2017. The study said, on Thursday, Delhi witnessed the highest exposure to PM 2.5, tiny particles that are most harmful, followed by Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Major sources of ambient particulate matter pollution in India include burning in thermal power plants, industry emissions, stubble burning and diesel generators. The annual exposure to these tiny particles PM2.5 in India, was 89·9 μg/m3, which was recorded to be the highest in the world. One in every eight deaths in India resulted from air pollution. In fact, if India had not been under serious threat of worsening air pollution levels, the average life expectancy would have been 1.7 years more for its residents, added the study India covers 18% of the global population, which accounts to significantly higher (26%) global premature deaths caused by air pollution, in contrast, it pointed out. Notably, 14 out of 15 most air polluted cities in the world are in India, says a World Health Organisation (WHO) database. It also said that Mexico and Beijing could instruct New Delhi and other Indian cities with ways to combat air pollution as they are aggressively making efforts to counter the situation with cleaner energy options, improved technologies, and promoting the use of public transport. Despite the current situation of increasing air pollution, 77% of India's population spends time outdoors, which is above the National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) safe limit. Not just this, 56% of population still used solid fuels in households, in 2017. The study also argued that the reduction in pollution levels has a broader impact than just the well-being of humans, including animal and plant health. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/indias-top-environmental-tribunal-has-ordered-the-delhi-government-to-pay-250-million-to-the-national-pollution-control-agency-so-it-can-tackle-the-citys-air-problem/articleshow/66936048.cms">India’s top environmental tribunal has ordered the Delhi government to pay ₹250 million to the national pollution control agency so it can tackle the city’s air problem</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/fed-up-of-pollution-more-than-35-of-residents-in-indias-capital-say-they-want-to-move-out-permanently-survey/articleshow/66630699.cms">Fed up of pollution, more than 35% of residents in India’s capital say they want to move out permanently: Survey</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-clean-air-week-crackdown-resulted-in-the-collection-8-3-million-in-fines/articleshow/66525293.cms">India’s ‘Clean Air Week’ crackdown resulted in the collection ₹8.3 million in fines</a>

India’s toxic smog lead to over 1.24 million deaths in 2017, says study

<keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> will face a tsunami of chronic diseases such as cancer due to globalization, a growing economy, an ageing population and changing lifestyle, warns a leading oncologist, making it imperative for the nation to embrace technology-driven medical techniques to prevent health catastrophes in an effective manner. Cancer vaccines for prevention and treatment, expansion of Artificial Intelligence &amp; data <keyword id="50691" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="digital" source="Orion">digital</keyword> technology, and cancer diagnosis from liquid biopsies are among the six trends that will reshape cancer care in this century, says Dr <keyword id="3385356" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="jame-abraham" source="Orion">Jame Abraham</keyword>, Chairman of the Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, <keyword id="861951" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="cleveland-clinic" source="Orion">Cleveland Clinic</keyword>, Ohio, USA. The other three trends are the use of genomic profiling, the evolution of gene editing technologies and the next generation of immunotherapies and <keyword id="6358816" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="car" source="Orion">CAR</keyword> T cell therapies, Abraham points out in an article in Manorama Year Book 2023. "Digital technology, information technology and telehealth will narrow the gap between patients and specialists. This will also potentially enhance the availability of experts' care in remote parts of our country, including rural settings where the majority of our population lives." India's biggest challenge will be how to make it affordable and accessible for millions of its people when these technologies continue to revolutionize cancer care, notes <keyword id="14437578" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="dr-abraham" source="Orion">Dr Abraham</keyword>. "Due to globalisation, growing economy, ageing population and changing lifestyle, India will face a tsunami of chronic diseases such as cancer," the oncologist warns. As per the Globocan estimates, the cancer burden worldwide is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47 per cent rise from 2020, due to demographic changes. This may escalate by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. An estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths were reported across the world in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer while lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18 per cent), followed by colorectal (9.4 per cent), liver (8.3 per cent), stomach (7.7 per cent), and female breast (6.9 per cent) cancers, reveals the report. Dr Abraham holds that cancer vaccines are an exciting research area having the potential to immunize people against various cancers. Researchers have developed amazingly successful mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. The fact is that mRNA-based cancer treatment vaccines have been tested in small trials for more than a decade, with some promising early results. "Currently at Cleveland Clinic, our team is doing a clinical trial testing cancer vaccine in high-risk breast cancer," he says. Highlighting the role of cutting-edge technologies, he says computers using Artificial Intelligence (AI) can recognize variations in patterns from normal to abnormal in the biopsy, much more accurately than the human eye. These technologies will demand radiologists and pathologists to be more efficient and accurate. Genetic profiling or testing at an early age to detect the abnormal gene can find breast and colon cancers in their earliest stage. "In a futuristic society, genomic testing will be widely used, like monitoring blood pressure or cholesterol, to identify high risks and find targeted treatments to kill cancer cells specifically. Doing testing in the population or high-risk individuals will allow doctors to intervene before cancer happens," he says. Noting that scans, mammograms, colonoscopies or a pap smear are currently used for cancer diagnosis, the doctor says by the time the tumour is detected, it can be too late. "Hence, the treatment needs to be very aggressive. The emerging liquid biopsy technologies will help detect cancer from a drop of blood before it can be detected by a scan or it manifests as a lump or ulceration." Genome or gene editing is an area of research seeking to modify the genes of living organisms and use them to treat genetic or acquired diseases. Gene therapy holds promise for treating cancer, cystic fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, haemophilia, sickle cell disease, and AIDS. Another trend in cancer treatment is immunotherapies, which, in combination with chemotherapy, have resulted in the complete disappearance of tumors in several cases. It is now a standard treatment currently in many parts of the world. Scientists are also using CAR T cell therapy, in which T cells are isolated from a patient's blood and modified in the laboratory to specifically attack cancer cells. Dr Abraham has a word of caution, too. "When we develop novel technologies to prevent and treat cancer, we can't take our focus on cancer prevention. The most common causes of cancers are still tobacco, alcohol, diet and infections. Policies for tobacco and alcohol control have to be a national priority," he says. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/online-sources-such-as-wikipedia-not-completely-dependable-can-promote-misleading-information-sc/articleshow/97083084.cms">Online sources such as Wikipedia not completely dependable, can promote misleading information: SC</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/360-one-takes-controlling-stake-in-mumbai-angels-two-new-funds-announced/articleshow/97083831.cms">360 ONE takes controlling stake in Mumbai Angels; two new funds announced</a>

India to face 'tsunami' of chronic diseases like cancer: US-based oncologist

Increased intake of refined rice and wheat as well as processed red meat, and low consumption of whole grains is causing a significant increase in the global cases of diabetes, according to a study. The study, published in the journal <keyword id="298915" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="nature-medicine" source="Orion">Nature Medicine</keyword>, showed that poor diet contributed to over 14.1 million cases of Type-2 diabetes, representing over 70 per cent of new diagnoses globally. They found factors such as drinking too much fruit juice and not eating enough non-starchy vegetables, nuts, or seeds, had less of an impact on new cases of the disease. "Our study suggests poor carbohydrate quality is a leading driver of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes globally, and with important variation by nation and over time," said <keyword id="319832" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="dariush-mozaffarian" source="Orion">Dariush Mozaffarian</keyword>, Professor of Nutrition and dean for policy at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University. "These new findings reveal critical areas for national and global focus to improve nutrition and reduce devastating burdens of diabetes," Mozaffarian added. The analysis, based on a research model of dietary intake in 184 countries from 1990 and 2018, revealed that poor diet is causing a larger proportion of total Type-2 diabetes incidence in men versus women, in younger versus older adults, and in urban versus rural residents at the global level. Diabetes is linked to a number of diseases like the risk of heart attacks and strokes, nerve damage, blindness and kidney failure, among others. "Left unchecked and with incidence only projected to rise, Type-2 diabetes will continue to impact population health, economic productivity, health care system capacity, and drive health inequities worldwide," said first author Meghan O'Hearn, who conducted the research while a doctoral candidate at the Friedman School. "These findings can help inform nutritional priorities for clinicians, policymakers, and private sector actors as they encourage healthier dietary choices that address this global epidemic," she noted. According to the latest <keyword id="20905" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="international-diabetes-federation" source="Orion">International Diabetes Federation</keyword> (IDF), the global prevalence of Type-2 diabetes in adults was 536.6 million people (10.5 per cent) in 2021, and there would be 783.2 million people (12.2 per cent) living with diabetes worldwide by 2045. In India, there are estimated 77 million people above the age of 18 years are suffering from diabetes (Type-2) and nearly 25 million are prediabetics (at a higher risk of developing diabetes in near future), revealed data from the <keyword id="43588" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="world-health-organization" source="Orion">World Health Organization</keyword>. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/reliance-capital-resolution-process-completion-deadline-extended-to-july-16/articleshow/99580422.cms">Reliance Capital resolution process completion deadline extended to July 16</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/3bhks-are-the-new-2bhks-as-indians-yearn-for-a-study-room/articleshow/99578976.cms">3BHKs are the new 2BHKs as Indians yearn for a study room</a>

Refined grains, processed red meat behind global spike in diabetes

<ul><li>2.3 million newborns die of severe bacterial infections each year, the experts said in a report published in the December 2022 Bulletin of the <keyword id="43588" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="world-health-organization" source="Orion">World Health Organization</keyword>.</li><li>Over the last decade, <keyword id="149212" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="amr" source="Orion">AMR</keyword> has worsened to the point where around 50-70 per cent of common pathogens show a high degree of resistance to available first and second-line antibiotics, they said.</li><li>According to the report, ethical concerns, logistical issues and regulatory requirements have made it difficult to conduct clinical research in newborns.</li></ul>There is an urgent need to develop antibiotics for newborn babies, a population that is particularly vulnerable to antibiotic resistance, according to leading global public health experts including those from India. Recent estimates show about 2.3 million newborns die of severe bacterial infections each year while an increasing number are becoming resistant to currently used antibiotics, the experts said in a report published in the December 2022 Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Over the last decade, AMR has worsened to the point where around 50-70 per cent of common pathogens show a high degree of resistance to available first and second-line antibiotics, they said. The paper is co-authored by international experts in the field of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), including those from the Global Antibiotic Research &amp; Development Partnership (GARDP) and <keyword id="6365231" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="all-india-institute-of-medical-sciences" source="Orion">All India Institute of Medical Sciences</keyword> (<keyword id="40458" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="aiims" source="Orion">AIIMS</keyword>). The authors noted that despite substantial progress in medical research and a steep decline in the number of children under the age of five who die of preventable diseases, many problems related to child health remain to be tackled. Severe bacterial infections are one of them. "There is an urgent need to identify high priority antibiotics to understand which ones work best and safely in children, and then make them available where they are needed," said <keyword id="15914044" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="mike-sharland" source="Orion">Mike Sharland</keyword> from St George's, <keyword id="125994" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="university-of-london" source="Orion">University of London</keyword> (SGUL), and member of the <keyword id="15914043" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="antimicrobial-resistance-programme" source="Orion">Antimicrobial Resistance Programme</keyword> at Penta - Child Health Research. "By achieving global consensus, we can streamline the process of antibiotic development, allow for faster access to antibiotics, and reduce the burden of AMR on the vulnerable neonatal population," added <keyword id="1651099" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="manica-balasegaram" source="Orion">Manica Balasegaram</keyword>, Executive Director of GARDP. The report also highlights how collaborative antibiotic development and access network specifically targeting newborns could also prove valuable compared to single independent studies. A successful example, the authors noted, has been the collaboration between GARDP, Penta - Child Health Research, SGUL, and other partners on a recent global observational study of 3,200 babies with neonatal sepsis across 19 hospitals in 11 countries. They are also partnering on an upcoming clinical trial, which will start in South Africa within the next few months before being expanded to other countries. Despite a rising number of newborn deaths caused by AMR, very few effective antibiotics have been adequately studied to treat serious bacterial infections such as neonatal sepsis, the authors said. As many as 40 antibiotics approved for use in adults since 2000, only four have included dosing information for newborns in their labels, they said. According to the report, ethical concerns, logistical issues and regulatory requirements have made it difficult to conduct clinical research in newborns. There is a long delay in completing paediatric regulatory studies and they are also not harmonised globally to demonstrate clinical utility in newborns, it said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/ces-2023-dates-news-products-and-what-to-expect/articleshow/96591686.cms">All-new Apple CarPlay features to AI for automobiles — here are some car technologies expected to arrive in 2023</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/ces-2023-dates-news-products-and-what-to-expect/articleshow/96591686.cms">CES 2023: Dates, news, products, and what to expect</a>

Urgent need to develop antibiotics for newborns say global experts

There is an urgent need to develop antibiotics for newborn babies, a population that is particularly vulnerable to antibiotic resistance, according to leading global public health experts including those from India. Recent estimates show about 2.3 million newborns die of severe bacterial infections each year while an increasing number are becoming resistant to currently used antibiotics, the experts said in a report published in the December 2022 Bulletin of the <keyword id="43588" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="world-health-organization" source="Orion">World Health Organization</keyword>. Over the last decade, <keyword id="149212" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="amr" source="Orion">AMR</keyword> has worsened to the point where around 50-70 per cent of common pathogens show a high degree of resistance to available first and second-line antibiotics, they said. The paper is co-authored by international experts in the field of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), including those from the Global Antibiotic Research &amp; Development Partnership (GARDP) and the <keyword id="6365231" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="all-india-institute-of-medical-sciences" source="Orion">All India Institute of Medical Sciences</keyword> (<keyword id="40458" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="aiims" source="Orion">AIIMS</keyword>). The authors noted that despite substantial progress in medical research and a steep decline in the number of children under the age of five who die of preventable diseases, many problems related to child health remain to be tackled. Severe bacterial infections are one of them. "There is an urgent need to identify high-priority antibiotics to understand which ones work best and safely in children, and then make them available where they are needed," said <keyword id="15914044" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="mike-sharland" source="Orion">Mike Sharland</keyword> from St George's, <keyword id="125994" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="university-of-london" source="Orion">University of London</keyword> (SGUL), and member of the <keyword id="15914043" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="antimicrobial-resistance-programme" source="Orion">Antimicrobial Resistance Programme</keyword> at Penta - Child Health Research. "By achieving global consensus, we can streamline the process of antibiotic development, allow for faster access to antibiotics, and reduce the burden of AMR on the vulnerable neonatal population," added <keyword id="1651099" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="manica-balasegaram" source="Orion">Manica Balasegaram</keyword>, Executive Director of GARDP. The report also highlights how collaborative antibiotic development and access networks specifically targeting newborns could also prove valuable compared to single independent studies. A successful example, the authors noted, has been the collaboration between GARDP, Penta - Child Health Research, SGUL, and other partners on a recent global observational study of 3,200 babies with neonatal sepsis across 19 hospitals in 11 countries. They are also partnering on an upcoming clinical trial, which will start in South Africa within the next few months before being expanded to other countries. The authors said that despite a rising number of newborn deaths caused by AMR, very few effective antibiotics have been adequately studied to treat serious bacterial infections such as neonatal sepsis. As many as 40 antibiotics have been approved for use in adults since 2000, but only four have included dosing information for newborns in their labels, they said. According to the report, ethical concerns, logistical issues and regulatory requirements have made it difficult to conduct clinical research on newborns. There is a long delay in completing paediatric regulatory studies and they are also not harmonised globally to demonstrate clinical utility in newborns, it said. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/indias-agrochemicals-industry-to-see-double-digit-growth-in-fy23-and-fy24-on-strong-exports-boost-says-crisil/articleshow/96572842.cms">India’s agrochemicals industry to see double-digit growth in FY23 and FY24 on strong exports boost, says Crisil</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/from-egypt-to-belarus-countries-that-are-covid-free-amid-a-global-rise-in-cases/slidelist/96591191.cms">From Egypt to Belarus: Countries that are Covid free amid a global rise in cases</a>

<ul class="summary-list"><li>More than 1 billion children are at extreme risk for weather disasters, a <a href="https://www.unicef.org/media/105376/file/UNICEF-climate-crisis-child-rights-crisis.pdf">UNICEF report</a> found.</li><li>The majority of these kids live in countries that contribute the least to <keyword id="11949068" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="carbon-emissions" source="Orion">carbon emissions</keyword>. </li></ul>Tahsin Uddin, a 23-year-old climate activist who lives in the southern city of Barisal in Bangladesh, has already lost one family home to coastal flooding and rising sea levels. Within the next few years, he expects his current home to be submerged under water as well.Uddin is just one of the millions of Bangladeshis and others across the globe facing the brutal consequences of the <keyword id="11896310" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-crisis" source="Orion">climate crisis</keyword>.By 2050, more than 20 million Bangladeshis will be displaced and nearly 20% of the country's land will be underwater because of rising sea levels, a direct impact of the changing climate, according to the<a href="https://www.nrdc.org/onearth/bangladesh-country-underwater-culture-move"> Natural Resources Defense Council,</a> a nonprofit climate advocacy group.Uddin told Insider the impact of those rising sea levels can be seen throughout the country: "I go to different coastal areas. I saw how much people are suffering. They are trying to survive by drinking salty water. Saline water is very dangerous for their health."While the consequences of <keyword id="11896311" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword> are pummeling Bangladesh, it contributes very little to carbon emissions.<div type="image" title="Villagers wade through waist-deep waters to reach their homes in Pratap Nagar that lies in the Shyamnagar region, in Satkhira, Bangladesh on Oct. 5, 2021" height="1333" width="1777" msid="87688716" hostid="261"></div>In 2020, more than <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/264699/worldwide-co2-emissions/">34 billion metric tons of carbon (CO2) were emitted</a> worldwide, but the countries that contributed the least to that total are already facing some of the most significant impacts of the climate crisis.A <a href="https://www.unicef.org/media/105376/file/UNICEF-climate-crisis-child-rights-crisis.pdf">UNICEF report</a> published in August found more than 1 billion children, nearly half the world's kids, lived in places with a high risk of <keyword id="12019615" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="extreme-weather" source="Orion">extreme weather</keyword> events. The 33 countries where the climate crisis poses the most risk to children contributed only 9% of global CO2 emissions, while 70% of emissions were attributed to just 10 countries.A <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20281">2016 study</a> found 20 of the 36 highest-emitting countries were among the least vulnerable to the effects of a warming climate, while 11 of the 17 countries with low or moderate emissions were significantly vulnerable.Some of the countries with low emissions per capita that are at a high risk include Bangladesh, India, Philippines, and multiple countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and South America.They are facing heat waves, water scarcity, coastal flooding, and water-borne disease, among other hazards, which in turn can lead to poor sanitation, lack of food, scarce income, and deteriorating living conditions. Meanwhile, many of the places currently experiencing these effects lack the infrastructure or resources to mitigate them.Experts and climate activists have said that while countries contributing the most need to reduce emissions, poorer countries are in need of immediate funding to address current challenges.<h2>Heat waves have killed thousands in India in recent years</h2>In the summer of 2019, large swaths of India were <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/13/world/asia/india-heat-wave-deaths.html">scorched by temperatures</a> greater than 113 degrees Fahrenheit for nearly three weeks. In some regions, officials closed local schools. Medical authorities <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/heat-wave-conditions-in-rajasthan-leaves-of-churu-doctors-cancelled-2049388">canceled time off for doctors</a> to ensure hospitals could handle the influx of patients.Four passengers <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-express-passengers-dead-heatwave-uttar-pradesh-jhansi-1546733-2019-06-11">fell ill on board an express train</a> that lacked air conditioning, and died by the time the train reached a station in Jhansi, south of New Delhi."Shortly after we left Agra, the heat became unbearable and some people started complaining of breathing problems and uneasiness. Before we could get some help, they collapsed," a passenger told <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-express-passengers-dead-heatwave-uttar-pradesh-jhansi-1546733-2019-06-11">India Today</a>.By the end of that summer heat wave, <a href="https://www.indiaspend.com/65-indians-exposed-to-heatwaves-in-may-june-2019-july-2019-was-indias-hottest-ever/">more than 200 people had died</a>. The heat wave of 2015 was far worse, with extreme heat causing the deaths of more than 2,000 people. In the past decade, more than 6,000 people in India have died as a result of excessive heat, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/13/world/asia/india-heat-wave-deaths.html">according to government data</a>.<div type="image" title="In this Thursday, May 30, 2019, file photo, children returning from school walk through a dried pond on a hot summer day on the outskirts of Jammu, India. Many parts of India are experiencing extreme heat conditions." height="3723" width="4964" msid="87688718" hostid="261"></div>"Climate change is leading to more frequent, more intense, and longer heat waves around the world," said Olga Wilhelmi, a scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, adding that the link has been well-documented.An estimated 820 million children, more than a third of kids worldwide, are highly exposed to heat waves, according to the UNICEF report."Extreme heat is probably one of the least appreciated weather hazards, but it's actually one of the more deadly weather hazards in the US and worldwide," Wilhelmi said. "Studies show that in the US, somewhere on average between 600 and 1,800 people die from extreme heat every year, but we don't usually read about that in the news."Health complications of extreme heat can vary from dehydration to heatstroke. Heat waves can also exacerbate cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Groups at a higher risk include older people, children, people with pre-existing conditions, and those who are lower-income and do not have access to air conditioning.Heat waves can also shut down electric grids when they don't have the capacity to handle the increased demand for air conditioning.<h2>Lack of water leads to poverty and hunger </h2>Water scarcity, the lack of adequate access to clean water, is another way people are feeling the climate crisis.While scarcity can be due to institutional failures to deliver water, in many instances it's due to dwindling water sources or growing populations that need more water. More than a third of kids worldwide, 920 million are currently highly exposed to water scarcity. This issue affects kids in various parts of the world including parts of India, South America, Australia, and the Middle East. For example, while parts of India are at extreme risk of scarcity, the country only contributed to 3.14% of overall emissions in 2019. <div type="image" title="Tonchuiwon Tinphei, 34, right, and her sister-in-law Chirmi carry water in baskets and walk home on the eve of World Water Day in Shangshak village, in the northeastern Indian state of Manipur, Saturday, March 21, 2020." height="1333" width="1778" msid="87688720" hostid="261"></div>Greg Pierce, the co-director of the Water Resources Group: Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, told Insider the biggest effect could be felt in rural areas. Pierce said rural areas tend to be poorer and have one water source. Residents are usually already walking long distances to get to that water which may not always be clean. Water isn't just needed for drinking, but for producing and selling agriculture. Water is very much tied to livelihoods. "The scarcity issue makes it harder to do agriculture, which is what most rural populations rely on for livelihoods. So, there's a hunger, inability to grow food and inability to earn any money," Pierce told Insider. "That lack of water leads directly to people starving and that is going to become a lot more common, unfortunately again, in many parts of the world."When those resources dry up, residents would be forced to travel even further or move, further straining resources. While many parts of India are dealing with water scarcity, other regions are also experiencing flooding, Pierce said. However, the flooding comes with other complications and doesn't counter the consequences of water scarcity. <h2>Coastal flooding, which destroys property and resources, is already taking a heavy toll in Bangladesh</h2>In Uddin's home of Bangladesh, rising seas and extreme precipitation have inundated communities with flooding in recent years.The village of Bonnotola, once home to more than 2,000 people, has less than 500 residents left, as the flooding and salt water-tainted soil destroyed many people's homes and livelihoods, the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/climate-science-europe-environment-and-nature-bangladesh-0f2a0a0f463523a162901f1beda23c7e">Associated Press</a> reported.One woman from the village of Gabura told AP everyone used to grow food in their backyards, but that salt water flooding has disrupted the once-fertile lands and freshwater that many relied on."We have water everywhere, but we don't have a drop anymore to drink from ponds or wells," she said.Almost every ocean on Earth is experiencing a sea-level rise, according to William Sweet, an oceanographer at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.One in 10 children, or 240 million, are currently exposed to coastal flooding, according to the UNICEF report. Sea-level rise is exacerbated by extreme rainfall events, which are also a consequence of warming."The same heating that's causing oceans to rise, ice caps and ice sheets to melt, and oceans to expand, is also enabling more moisture to be held within the atmosphere," Sweet said, adding that the result is frequent heavy rains. "The combined effect of course is flooding with nowhere for that water to go."While the threat of entire cities being underwater is the most commonly talked about result of rising sea levels, there are many significant issues that arise well before a city or property is actually underwater."It's not when you're underwater, it's when the system fails," Sweet said, adding that flooding can overwhelm infrastructure and destroy roadways, stormwater and wastewater systems, and people's personal property.He said by the time areas are actually underwater, people are already gone by then, driven out by the flooding.<div type="image" title="Bangladeshi flood victim man carrying their houses by boat during flood in Kurigram, Bangladesh on July 27, 2019." height="1333" width="1777" msid="87688722" hostid="261"></div>Coastal flooding creates more problems where water infrastructure is lacking, Pierce told Insider."Flooding doesn't typically increase water supply. It can have a direct impact on water-borne illness, especially because there's poor sanitation in a lot of places and when there's flooding, it gets into wherever the waste is being contained or into the open sewers and spreads," he said. <h2>Diseases are becoming more prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and South America because of the climate crisis</h2>As temperatures rise, cities flood and water becomes scarce, there's also a rise of waterborne illnesses with an estimated 600 million children currently exposed to diseases like malaria and dengue fever, according to the UNICEF report. The impact can be most immediately felt in countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Martin Muchangi, AMREF water and sanitation specialist based in Kenya, told Insider he studies waterborne illnesses across much of sub-Saharan Africa, and that a vast majority of people are dealing with water scarcity which in turn is driving up waterborne diseases.Muchangi said the issue is twofold: changing temperatures pushing things like mosquitoes into more places and increasing pathogens that cause diarrhea illnesses like cholera and typhoid and the lack of water leading to poor hygiene and diseases like scabies or glaucoma. He told Insider the problem is leading to harming both people and the economy. "So now at the end of the day, if you combine the sum total, you realize that there's major economic loss, there's serious effects to the health, there's serious effects to the thriving of children," he said. <h2>Many countries facing the worst of the climate crisis also have the least resources to address it </h2>While nowhere on earth will escape the effects of the climate crisis, some countries have infrastructure and resources that make them more prepared to respond.Pierce told Insider many of the impacts can be mitigated with robust public health initiatives and proper infrastructure. Water filtration systems, for example, can mitigate the risks of water-borne disease.Muchangi and Uddin told Insider the countries they live and work in, however, don't have the funds they need to address the issues they're facing. In Bangladesh, Uddin said funding is needed to direct towards researching ways to remove salt from saltwater and towards building infrastructure that can withstand flooding, including fortifying schools, hospitals, homes, and other essential buildings. Muchangi said that while finding ways to mitigate the immediate impacts of the changing climate is necessary, limiting CO2 emissions would greatly reduce the burden."If we are able to alleviate climate change itself, then the effects of climate change are going to become lesser and we are going to be able to thrive in a better way," he said.

Countries contributing the least to the climate crisis are feeling the worst of its effects

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The global economy will be dealing with inflation for a long time, economist Nouriel Roubini warned in an op-ed.</li><li>Roubini pointed to five problems in the global economy that would stoke high prices and government spending.</li></ul>"Dr. Doom" Nouriel Roubini warned that we'll have inflation for a long, long time – and you can blame, wars, the robot revolution, and slew of other disasters that will plague the global economy."Inflation rose sharply throughout 2022 across both advanced economies and emerging markets. Structural trends suggest that the problem will be secular rather than transitory," the top economist said in a recent op-ed for <a href="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/high-inflation-long-term-problem-owing-to-real-and-metaphorical-wars-by-nouriel-roubini-2022-12">Project Syndicate</a>.That comes after a difficult year for the US economy, with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/inflation-cpi-price-growth-june-2022-7">prices hitting a 41-year-high</a> in 2022 and still hovering <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/inflation-cpi-november-fed-rate-hike-stocks-recession-hawkish-policy-2022-12">well-above the Fed's 2%</a> target. According to Roubini, central bankers around the world are unlikely to bring down inflation without causing a severe recession, which could spell trouble for the global financial system considering that many households, banks, and governments are heavily indebted.Central bankers can't cushion a debt crisis without slashing interest rates, which could worsen inflation. That impasse could slam the global economy with "<a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/dr-doom-nouriel-roubini-stagflation-debt-crisis-crash-federal-reserve-2022-12">the mother of all stagflationary debt crises</a>," Roubini warned, a financial disaster that entails high unemployment, high inflation, and in the US, a <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/nouriel-roubini-economy-inflation-unemployment-recession-stagflation-stock-market-crash-2022-9">steep stock market crash</a>.Roubini, who called the 2008 recession and is known for his doomsayer predictions on Wall Street, has said that sort of inflationary-debt disaster is <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/recession-us-economy-nouriel-roubini-sam-zell-warn-fed-rates-2022-11">inevitable</a> at this point. It could also stretch on for years, he warned, pointing to five major problems in the global economy that could jack up prices and government spending, exacerbating the incoming crash.<h3>Wars</h3>Russia's invasion of Ukraine disrupted supply chains and has already <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/market-chaos-russia-ukraine-charts-energy-food-economic-crisis-putin-2022-12">rattled the global economy</a>, but geopolitical conflict could spread across the world, Roubini said. He pointed to tensions between the US and other major powers, such as the Middle East, Iran, and China, and previously warned that <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60yZtdfHRUU">World War III has already begun</a>. Tensions are leading many powers to build up their shore of military supplies, including NATO, Europe, and the US. That burden on national budgets could exacerbate high-debt levels and inflation, prolonging the financial crisis he's warned of.<h3>Climate change</h3>The global economy is also waging a war against climate change, which could be expensive to resolve."Climate-change mitigation and adaption could cost trillions of dollars per year for decades to come, and it is silly to think that all these investments will boost growth," Roubini said, adding that nations would likely become poorer over time."A significant share of the existing capital stock will have to be replaced, either because it has become obsolete or because it has been destroyed by climate-driven events."<h3>Rampant disease</h3>The spread of COVID-19 isn't over, and neither are pandemics. Roubini predicted disease outbreaks would become rampant in the future, partly due to the effects of climate change. That could significantly rack up government debt as leaders attempt to tackle one public health crisis after the other, while also confronting the costs of welfare for an aging society.<h3>The robot revolution</h3>The global economy will be slammed by "globotics," as Roubini calls it, or the innovation stemming from globalization and automation. While some argue those factors are spurring economic growth, they're a major threat to blue- and white-collar workers, meaning governments could be forced to shell out huge sums of cash if robots, AI technology, and other advancements put people out of work.The costs could be hefty, Roubini warned. He estimated that the US could lose about 20% of its GDP if the government doles out a basic income of $1000 per person a month.<h3>Wealth inequality</h3>Wealth gaps are sparking unrest among the young and the middle- and working-classes, Roubini said, which could be expensive for government leaders to smooth over."To prevent populist regimes from coming to power and pursuing reckless, unsustainable economic policies, liberal democracies will need to spend a fortune to reinforce their social safety nets – as many are already doing," he said.

'Dr. Doom' economist Nouriel Roubini says we'll have inflation for a long, long time. He blame wars, the robot revolution, and 3 other disasters that will plague the global economy.

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'Dr. Doom' economist Nouriel Roubini says we'll have inflation for a long, long time. He blame wars, the robot revolution, and 3 other disasters that will plague the global economy.

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