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Jakarta, Oct 4 (The Conversation) The rapid development of the digital era has given rise to various new phenomena, including <keyword id="7382014" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="kidfluencers" source="Orion">kidfluencers</keyword>. This terminology refers to children - usually under the age of 16 - who become influencers on social media. They appear in interesting content such as photos, videos, or stories about their daily lives - from playing, eating, dressing, to activities that are appropriate for their age. Like adult influencers , these children are also involved in promoting various brands and company products through their uploads or uploads to accounts in their names which are managed by their parents/guardians. In return, kidfluencers can get paid, get endorsements or free stuff , get involved in advertising campaigns, and even earn money from sales of the products they promote. Social media opens up opportunities to make home videos into a very profitable business field. Watching the funny behaviour and cute faces of children milling about on social media also makes users happy. However, the presence of kidfluencers should raise serious questions about the role of parents in protecting children's rights from the impact of their activities in this new commercial space. The blurring of the line between kidfluencers and child exploitation Nowadays, influencers have entered a professional category and are coveted by many young people . In 2021, the global influencer market is estimated to be worth USD 13.8 billion (around IDR 206 trillion). However, what are the ethics of making children influencers ? A study in the United States (US) wrote that with social media monetization and income from sponsorships, kidfluencers are counted as children who work in the entertainment sector. Based on Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Employment , the minimum age limit for workers in Indonesia is 18 years. Those who employ children under this age may be subject to sanctions. As reported by Kompas.com , there are several exceptions that allow minors to make money. This includes light work for children aged 13-15 years, work to support the curriculum, or work that supports children's interests and talents. However, this exception also has its own rules. The work above, for example, must not interfere with the child's education and physical and mental growth and development, can only be done for a maximum of three hours a day, and is strictly in accordance with the child's abilities. Most importantly, the law requires that all these activities be strictly supervised by parents. The problem arises when there is wide open space for acts of child exploitation and many of us are so busy enjoying it that without realising it we become part of the problem behind this kidfluencer phenomenon. Meanwhile, Hukumonline is of the opinion that because the basis for the work that children receive comes from contractual agreements or cooperation contracts, they are not subject to employment regulations. This is because according to the Civil Code, those under 21 years of age or who are not married are considered not yet adults and capable of entering into an agreement, this right is entirely in the hands of the parents. However, Hukumonline made a note referring to the Human Rights Law and the Child Protection Law which underlines the importance of children having free time to play with peers and develop themselves as well as being protected from economic exploitation. In the end, parents are the key figures in whether the childfluencer's workload and 'work' environment is truly safe and free from exploitation. Parents have the right to make autonomous decisions in educating their children, so the production of social media content involving children is considered normal. However, what happens in someone's household can escape the eyes of the law. Various cases of exploitation of kidfluencers have been discovered lately, including cases of child abuse committed by parenting vlogger from the US, Ruby Franke, which have become very popular recently. The impact of child monetization on social media The blurring of protection and law enforcement as well as the exposure of these children to the public certainly has its own impact. First, there is the issue of privacy. Kids who become kidfluencers often share most aspects of their personal lives on social media, from their routines to stories about their families. This poses a serious risk to children's privacy and opens up opportunities for potential misuse of personal information. Second, the problem of consumerism. Kidfluencers are often active in promoting products and brands to their young audience. The impact is that children can be influenced by this promotion, possibly pushing them towards unhealthy consumption from an early age. Additionally, their limited understanding of the difference between promotional content and honest content can create a lack of clarity in terms of morals and ethics. Third, related to children's education. Children who become kidfluencers may miss out on important learning experiences at school or in their daily lives. They may feel pressured by the demands of constantly creating engaging content, thereby sacrificing time for formal education and healthy social interactions. Fourth, child growth and development. Intense exposure to social media can affect children's mental health. They may feel pressured to maintain a perfect image on social media, and this can interfere with their identity development. The role of parents For parents who want their children to become influencers , it is important to carefully consider the following suggestions. Firstly, it is very important to ensure that children's formal education remains a top priority. Parents can help by setting a regular study schedule, providing assistance when needed, and communicating openly with teachers or school staff to monitor their child's academic progress. By keeping formal education as a foundation, children will have a strong foundation for their future, both as influencers and in any other career they may choose. Second, parents must be actively involved in their children's online activities. Parents also need to ensure that their children's interactions in cyberspace occur in a safe environment. Additionally, safeguarding children's online activities is an important task, as is helping them understand the importance of setting privacy settings on their social media accounts and talking about what personal information should not be shared. With proper involvement, children can carry out social media activities more safely and responsibly. Third, parents should not only support children in using social media but also teach positive values, ethics and responsibility in using social media. They must guide children to understand the positive and negative impacts of the platform. Fourth, parents must also be a good example in using social media. Remember that children tend to imitate their parents' behaviour, so it is important to demonstrate healthy and ethical use of social media. Fifth, if a child gets an offer to partner with a brand or company, it is very important for parents to check the deal thoroughly. Make sure that the agreement is in line with family values and does not compromise the child's safety and well-being. In the end, being a kidfluencer is not just a matter of making a profit. Parents need to see the value behind pursuing these activities for their children. With the right support, children can undertake their journey as kidfluencers with responsibility and a healthy balance without having to sacrifice their lives as individuals who are still hungry for a social life. Parents have the power to make money from their children's participation in these commercial activities. However, along with this power comes the responsibility to ensure the protection of their human rights.

Troubles and ethics behind the 'cute' trend of growing Kidfluencers

<ul class="summary-list"><li>In a study of YouTube videos from top child influencers, 90% of food and drink products were unhealthy, branded items.</li><li>Junk food promotion in <keyword id="1862" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="kids">kids</keyword>' videos could lead to a lifetime of un<keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health">health</keyword>y eating, obesity, and related health problems.</li><li>The study authors called for stricter regulations on product placement in YouTube videos featuring kids.</li></ul>The highest-paid YouTube star of 2019 is a 9-year-old named Ryan Kaji. Among his <a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/RyanToysReview/videos?view=0&amp;sort=p&amp;flow=gridlow=grid">most popular videos</a>, there's a tour of Chuck E Cheese, a McDonald's play-pretend, and a review of giant Chupa Chups lollipops.Kids' channels like Ryan's World, which has almost 27 million subscribers, generate millions of impressions for unhealthy food and drink brands, according to a study published today in the journal <a href="https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2020/10/22/peds.2019-4057">Pediatrics</a>.Researchers from New York University's School of Global Public Health analyzed YouTube videos from the site's five most-watched kid influencers. They counted food and drink appearances, noting brand names and evaluating the nutritional content.Not all of the branded products were associated with sponsorships, but for young kids, there may not be a difference between sponsored content and regular YouTube videos, study author Marie Bragg told Insider."The concerning thing is that, for toddlers and kids who are watching this, it may not matter that sometimes it's a paid sponsorship and sometimes it's not," said Bragg, an assistant professor in the department of population health at NYU. "It may function just like advertising and promote poor dietary behaviors regardless."<h2>90% of food and drinks in the videos were unhealthy, brand-name snacks</h2>Bragg and colleagues analyzed 179 videos featuring food and drinks, which collectively got more than a billion views and 2.6 million likes.The vast majority — just over 90% — of the food and drinks in these videos were unhealthy, branded products. McDonald's accounted for 30% of branded product placements, and other top brands included Hershey's, Kinder, and M&amp;M's.Unhealthy products of no particular brand, such as hot dogs, accounted for 4% of food and drinks featured in the videos, and healthy branded and unbranded products made up the remaining 6%.<h2>Promoting junk food to children can lead to obesity and other health problems</h2>Kids who see influencers promoting unhealthy foods are <a href="https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/143/4/e20182554?ijkey=1e6f15be97484487bd33fbe7512547a6099f3ced&amp;keytype2=tf_ipsecshacsha">more likely to overeat and snack on junk food</a> in particular, another study in Pediatrics found. In the long term, <a href="http://cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/causes.html">children who are obese</a> are more likely to continue to be obese as adults, which can result in additional health problems."We've got a chance to set them up for health or set them up for a diet that's going to put them at risk of diabetes, heart disease, and other poor health outcomes," Bragg said. "Because a lot of times, the weight gain that happens in childhood or adolescence persists into adulthood."<h2>Kids are especially susceptible to stealth marketing</h2>Studies have shown that children younger than eight years old are <a href="https://www.apa.org/pi/families/resources/advertising-children.pdf">unable to distinguish between commercials and cartoons</a> — and that was back when advertising was mainly on TV. Nowadays, <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/11/07/many-turn-to-youtube-for-childrens-content-news-how-to-lessons/">more than 80% of parents</a> with children age 12 or younger allow their kids to watch YouTube, and the regulations haven't caught up. Host selling — where the main character of a TV show endorses a product in a commercial — isn't allowed on TV, Bragg said, but influencers are allowed to advertise in a similar way on YouTube."Especially when they see children in their peer group using these products and drinking these drinks, playing with these toys, that's even more compelling to them because they see that as a social piece of things," Nicole Beurkens, child psychologist and nutritionist who was not affiliated with the study, told Insider.The study authors called for the Federal Trade Commission to enact stronger regulations to address unhealthy food and beverage brands promoted by kid influencers, but Beurkens said some of the regulating will have to fall on the parents."Parents need to be aware of, monitoring, and communicating with kids about what they're consuming, particularly on a platform like YouTube," Beurkens said.Read more:<a href="https://www.insider.com/kids-meals-fast-food-ranked-2019-7">What nutrition experts think about kids meals from 10 fast-food chains</a><a href="https://www.insider.com/children-can-be-easily-manipulated-cgi-instagram-influencers-2019-11">CGI influencers could be exploiting children and their parents should be aware, internet safety campaigners have warned</a><a href="https://www.insider.com/psychologists-say-social-media-fame-may-harm-child-star-influencers-2020-5">TikTok is breeding a new batch of child stars. Psychologists say what comes next won't be pretty.</a>

YouTube's 'kidfluencers' are marketing junk foods like McDonald's and chocolate bars

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A new Illinois law mandates parenting influencers set aside 15% of earnings for kids in videos.</li><li>The law aims to combat child exploitation in family vlogging and social media content.</li></ul><a target="_blank" href="https://www.newsnationnow.com/us-news/midwest/illinois-child-labor-law-influencer-social-media/">A new law passed in Illinois</a> on July 1 requires parenting influencers to set aside 15% of their earnings for their kids who appear on camera.Parents are now obligated to save this much of the gross earnings from their content posted on YouTube, TikTok, Instagram, and other social media platforms if their children feature in 30% or more of their footage.The money set aside is to be kept in a trust that the children can access once they reach 18 years old. At this time, they can also request that the videos they appeared in be deleted.There will be no direct enforcement, but children can choose to sue their parents once they reach adulthood if they do not comply.Illinois has been leading the charge in combating child exploitation on the internet through family vlogging channels, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/child-influencers-now-entitled-to-their-earnings-new-illinois-law-2023-8">introducing the legislation last year</a>.The social justice activist Shreya Nallamothu first championed the law, <a target="_blank" href="https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-influencer-child-social-media-illinois-law-65a837e2ba7151c91c17f69b08862022">telling the Associated Press</a> in August 2023 that there was "absolutely zero legislation" to protect children in the world of "kidfluencing."Jessica Maddox, a University of Alabama professor of journalism and creative media also told AP "the law has not caught up to practice" of "sharenting."She told the outlet that influencers "are in desperate need of the same protections that have been afforded to other child workers and entertainers."<h2 id="e5a18d7f-a27e-454c-a71c-8e64155c9e28">'It's a very difficult conversation'</h2>The amount of money influencers earn varies, but at the top end of the scale, it can be millions, according to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/style/children-influencers-money.html">The New York Times.</a>The publication said that on Instagram, smaller influencers can still earn around $600 per post, and large accounts can get up to $20,000.Many parenting influencers have good intentions. Some are stay-at-home moms, for instance, who post content about parenting online to earn an income without needing a job away from home.But experts say the risks of "sharenting" outweigh the benefits.Illinois' law is the first of its kind in the US, but the states of Washington, Maryland, and California are also considering following suit.Naomi Cahn, co-director of the University of Virginia's Family Law Center and a professor in the School of Law, <a target="_blank" href="https://news.virginia.edu/content/challenges-regulating-sometimes-nasty-business-child-influencers">told UVA Today</a> that the law "clearly sends a message that you should not be exploiting children in this way.""And it brings a lot more attention to this issue," she said. "It's an amazing example of civics in action."Katya Varbanova, a social media and marketing consultant who is the CEO of Viral Marketing Stars, told Business Insider it's about time children who appear on family vlogging channels are paid.There are heated conversations online about where the line is with children being part of the entertainment world. Some children love performing, starting their acting careers young by appearing in commercials and taking on small roles in television shows. But there's a growing movement of people who believe child actors shouldn't exist at all."It's a very difficult conversation," Varbanova said, adding that there are a lot of gray areas about how much say a child really has in their future. "But this conversation about the income, I think that is very black and white."<h2 id="ff7489e0-1696-46fd-b8a5-6f7b543424e3">Alarm bells ringing</h2>For a few years now, viewers have been starting to question what happens behind the scenes with family vlogging channels.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/crying-son-pose-youtuber-video-2023-9">Concerns were raised</a> when influencer Jordan Cheyenne went viral in 2021 for a clip where she was shown encouraging her son to cry and look sad for a thumbnail on a video about their sick puppy.She told BI in a statement at the time she was "disgusted and horrified" at her actions and there was "no excuse.""It's terrible on so many levels," she said. "I love my child more than anything and will regret this moment forever."A peak behind the momfluencer curtain was also offered when TikTok duo Lilly Davis and her husband Paul <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tiktok-influencers-allegation-child-exploitation-dearanddarling-kc-lily-paul-davis-2023-11">showed off their filming schedule</a> last year and were accused of making their children work while on vacation at Disney World.At the time, they called the allegations "egregious" and said their children are always given a choice about whether they want to appear in videos.<div type="image" title="Kevin and Ruby Franke look into the camera" height="782" width="1422" msid="111520168" hostid="261" sizebytes="52672"></div>Some family vloggers have also been accused of serious crimes.In August 2023, family vlogger Ruby Franke <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ruby-franke-8-passengers-arrested-on-suspicion-of-child-abuse-2023-8">was arrested and accused of abusing her children</a>.She was later <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ruby-franke-sentencing-utah-youtube-child-abuse-2024-2">charged and sentenced</a> to up to 30 years in prison after details of the horrific abuse emerged about how the young children were beaten, bound with rope and duct tape, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ruby-franke-neighbor-says-they-saw-kids-pulling-weeds-outside-2023-9">forced to do manual labor</a> in the sweltering heat, and had open wounds <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ruby-franke-cayenne-pepper-and-honey-on-sons-wounds-warrant-2023-9">treated with cayenne pepper</a>.Another tipping point was when viewers started to speculate that videos of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wren-jacquelyn-tiktok-online-predators-momfluencer-2022-7">mother-daughter duo Wren &amp; Jacquelyn Paul</a> on TikTok were purposefully attracting predators. (Paul has never responded to these allegations).This was a sign "something sinister" may be going on, Varbanova said.But, there is a market for family content because it gets good engagement, Varbanova added."The only reason they keep posting is because people keep watching," she said. "If people stopped watching family content, family vloggers wouldn't exist."Because family content is so successful, it's also tough to give it up."When you create content for a long, long time, getting no likes, no comments, and suddenly you find something that consistently gives you attention, it is very, very, very addictive," Varbanova said."They can internalize that as a good thing. And it's very, very, very dangerous for some of those kids."The long-term impacts of children being so publicly visible are still being studied, but experts <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wren-jacquelyn-tiktok-online-predators-momfluencer-2022-7">previously told BI</a> there are potential mental health and privacy issues that may have negative repercussions later in life.It will take some time before society figures out where the line is when it comes to kids being internet stars, but Varbanova thinks giving children 15% of the content's earnings is a good start."If they appear in all of the videos, they should get at least 50% of the revenue," Varbanova said. "I think 15% is quite low, but I think it's a step in the right direction."

Parenting influencers in Illinois must now pay their children if they feature in videos. Experts say it's about time.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A new Illinois law is designed to protect child social media stars financially.</li><li>A portion of the money earned from a child's social media account must now be put into a trust until they are 18.</li></ul>A <a href="https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=103-0556">new Illinois law</a> is now the first in the country designed to protect the earnings of children who are social media influencers or who appear in their parents' social media content. Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker signed the bill into law on August 11. Beginning July 1, 2024, children under 16 who are social media influencers or who appear in their parents' own content will be entitled to a certain percentage of earnings from that content, based on how much they appear.This money must be put in a trust until the child turns 18. Otherwise, they are entitled to sue, according to the law.This legislation was first championed by Shreya Nallamothu, who at 15 years old found herself concerned about protecting kids finding stardom online, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-influencer-child-social-media-illinois-law-65a837e2ba7151c91c17f69b08862022">the Associated Press reported.</a> She contacted State Sen. David Koehler with her idea, and he later proposed the legislation."I realized that there's a lot of exploitation that can happen within the world of 'kidfluencing,'" Nallamothu told the Associated Press. "And I realized that there was absolutely zero legislation in place to protect them.Koehler said he expects Illinois will not be the only state to adopt this law. "I think you'll see other states following us on this," <a href="https://www.teenvogue.com/story/illinois-child-influencers-law">Koehler told Teen Vogue. </a>Washington is also considering <a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1627&amp;Year=2023&amp;Initiative=false.#documentSection">a similar law,</a> which has been stalled in the state House Committee since February.

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Troubles and ethics behind the 'cute' trend of growing Kidfluencers

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YouTube's 'kidfluencers' are marketing junk foods like McDonald's and chocolate bars

Andrea Michelson

Parenting influencers in Illinois must now pay their children if they feature in videos. Experts say it's about time.

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A new law in Illinois is the first in the US to protect the earnings of child social media influencers

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