<ul class="summary-list"><li>Researchers think they've solved the 2,200-year-old mystery of the Antikythera mechanism.</li><li>The ancient device, found in a shipwreck, likely followed a Greek lunar calendar.</li></ul><p>Last year, Graham Woan knew just how he wanted to spend his Christmas break: trying to solve the 2,200-year-old mystery of the oldest known "computer" in the world.</p><p>Known as the Antikythera mechanism, the bronze device is a mechanical computer with interlocking gears. In the second century BCE, a user would have used its rings and evenly spaced holes to chart future celestial events, such as eclipses.</p><p>But how many of those evenly spaced holes existed has been a mystery and holds the key to determining exactly how the computer functioned.</p><p>YouTuber Chris Budiselic has long been <a target="_blank" href="https://bhi.co.uk/by-the-light-of-the-moon-a-lunar-calendar-on-the-antikythera-mechanism/">fascinated</a> by the mechanism and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ML4tw_UzqZE&amp;list=PLZioPDnFPNsHnyxfygxA0to4RXv4_jDU2">started</a> creating his own version seven years ago but wasn't sure how many holes to include. </p><p>Based on some of Budisic's published research, University of Glasgow astronomers, including Woan,<strong> </strong>turned to statistical modeling techniques to find the answer.</p><p>"It struck me as an interesting problem, and one that I thought I might be able to solve in a different way during the Christmas holidays, so I set about using some statistical techniques to answer the question," Woan said in a university <a target="_blank" href="https://www.gla.ac.uk/news/headline_1086643_en.html">press release</a>.</p><p>Based on the number of holes, the researchers found, the device follows a lunar calendar instead of an Egyptian one, as some previous research suggested.</p><h2 id="88229c20-3e52-49a3-ac2a-ac07f07cf6a4">A shipwreck full of ancient treasures</h2><div type="image" title="antikythera mechanism analog ancient greece" height="3569" width="5354" msid="111500237" hostid="261" sizebytes="1514156"></div><p>The Antikythera mechanism is just one intriguing finding from a 2,000-year-old shipwreck that divers first discovered in 1900. Divers waiting out a storm found the remains near the Greek island of Antikythera.</p><p>Excavations have uncovered three life-size marble horse statues, coins, jewelry, and other treasures, according to the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/ocean-topics/ocean-human-lives/underwater-archaeology/antikythera-shipwreck/">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute</a>. But the Antikythera mechanism is perhaps the most unique discovery of them all. <br /><br />It's about the size of a shoebox, is broken into six pieces, and has eroded from its time underwater. The mechanism is so sophisticated that some thought it had to be a modern device that got mixed in with the ancient artifacts, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1006146">according to</a> Derek John de Solla Price. He helped discover the device's function in the 1970s.</p><p>X-ray images from 2005 gave researchers new details about the device. And in 2020, Budiselic and his colleagues used the images to measure the positions of the holes and <a target="_blank" href="https://bhi.co.uk/antikytheramechanism/">proposed</a> the mechanism had between 347 and 367 holes. If it had closer to 350 holes, it would have followed the lunar calendar. If it had 365, it would have been modeled on the Egyptian calendar.</p><p>But it was difficult to nail down an exact number because of the device's diminished condition.</p><p>After learning about Budiselic's research, Woan first used Bayesian analysis, calculating different probabilities of the total number of holes based on the position and number of holes in the remaining pieces of bronze. He learned that it was hundreds of times more likely that the device had 354 holes than 360 holes.</p><p>Woan's colleague Joseph Bayley followed up the research by modifying techniques used to study <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ligo-gravitational-wave-detector-more-powerful-squeezing-light-2019-12">gravitational waves</a>, which are ripples in space-time. His results agreed with Woan's; there were likely either 354 or 355 holes in the ring. </p><p>In other words, there's a much higher probability that the mechanism tracked the Greek lunar year instead of the Egyptian one. It was capable of calculating planets' positions incredibly accurately for its time.</p><p>The finding reinforces the impressive craftsmanship and knowledge it took to create the device. "The precision of the holes' positioning would have required highly accurate measurement techniques and an incredibly steady hand to punch them," Bayley said in the press release.</p><p>The two have published their research in the peer-reviewed <a target="_blank" href="https://bhi.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/07-HJJuly24-AOTM-2.pdf">Horological Journal</a>.</p>

YouTuber helps researchers solve the mystery of a 2,000-year-old 'computer'

<ul><li><keyword id="417381" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="brushing" source="Orion">Brushing</keyword>, <keyword id="13955866" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="false-investment" source="Orion">false investment</keyword> and <keyword id="120726" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="money-management" source="Orion">money management</keyword> are top <keyword id="6386312" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="online-fraud" source="Orion">online fraud</keyword> types in China.</li><li>The list was released by China’s Ministry of Public Security.</li><li>India witnessed a steady spike in cyber crimes since 2018.</li></ul>We truly want to believe that the internet is a safe place but we all know that humans can become an easy target and there is little we can do about it. Online fraud involves the use of online services and software to take advantage of victims. It covers different types of cybercrime activity such as identity theft, phishing, and different hacking activities. <br /><br />Recently, the Ministry of Public Security from China as released a list of the top five sources of online fraud. They are as follows- <br /><br /><ol><li>Brushing</li><li>False Investment</li><li>Money Management</li><li>Dodgy loan scheme</li><li>Impersonation of customer service</li></ol>‘Brushing’, a type of e-commerce scam has topped the list. It lures the victim to make payments for goods or any shipment that was never delivered or only delivered when buyers perform certain online tasks like creating an e-commerce profile or downloading dodgy apps. Buyers may be also asked to pay more for goods. <br /><br />Using the ‘Brushing’ technique e-commerce vendors send small items which victims never ordered. Vendors also use this technique to write positive product reviews to increase visibility on e-commerce platforms.<br /><br />The list is followed by false investment and money management. Scammers use false investments, promising high rates of return with little risk. This type of fraud is very much similar to pyramid schemes. <br /><br />Dodgy loan schemes and impersonation of customer service operatives are the last two common online scams in China.<br /><br />Chinese Ministry of Public Security has warned citizens not to fall for these online scams following with month-long anti-fraud campaign.<br /><br /><strong>How common are these frauds in India?</strong><br />In recent years, India has witnessed a dramatic rise in cybercrimes. Online fraud schemes and phishing scams have become prominent in India. In 2020, Telangana had the highest number of fraud offences related to online banking. In total, <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-reported-118-rise-in-cyber-crime-in-2020-578-incidents-of-fake-news-on-social-media-data/article36480525.ece">India recorded 50,035 cybercrime</a> and fraud cases in 2020, an 11.8% surge when compared to 2019. <br /><br />A large number of cases were for online banking fraud, OTP frauds, credit/debit card fraud and ATM-related frauds. <br /><br />Keeping numbers in mind we can assume, that India still struggles with awareness when it comes to online banking frauds. Moreover, general public awareness and campaigns can contribute to the prevention of online fraud in India. <br /><br />Other than these, cybercriminals use a variety of strategies like phishing and spoofing, data breach, denial of service, malware, ransomware, and many more.<br /><br />If you think you have been scammed then change all your passwords and delete suspicious software. If you observe unwanted credit card transactions, immediately call the credit card company to prevent yourself from further loss. Following these simple steps can prevent you from online scams. <br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO:<br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/enterprise/news/sony-announced-the-upcoming-playstation-plus-games-lineup-for-india/articleshow/91610565.cms">Sony announced the upcoming PlayStation Plus games lineup for India - here’s the complete list</a><br /></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/astronaut-shares-breathtaking-photos-of-moon-during-lunar-eclipse/articleshow/91614867.cms"><strong>Watch: Astronaut shares breathtaking photos of the moon as seen from space during Lunar Eclipse</strong></a><br />

China has released its list of top five sources of online fraud in 2022

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/560176efdd0895d3178b45c2-1333-1000/spacex-falcon-heavy-lift-rocket-illustration.jpg" alt="spacex falcon heavy lift rocket illustration" data-mce-source="SpaceX"><p class="source"><span>SpaceX</span></p></img></div><p></p></div></div>Billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk just declared that his spaceflight company, SpaceX, could use it biggest rocket to send a crew-carrying spacecraft all the way to Jupiter.<p>The giant planet Jupiter is itself an inhospitable hellhole. But planetary scientists have eyed one of its moons, Europa, for years.</p><p>Researchers are convinced that below Europa's icy crust, a warm, salty ocean exists that contains <a href="http://www.techinsider.io/oceans-on-planets-and-moons-infrographic-2015-9">more than twice as much water</a> as all of Earth's reserves combined.</p><p><strong>That vast subsurface ocean could mean Europa is the most likely place we could find <a href="http://www.techinsider.io/why-aliens-have-not-contacted-humans-2015-9">alien life</a> in our Solar System.</strong></p><p>As Musk somewhat understated, a mission to Europa "would be cool":</p><p><div><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en"><p>In expendable mode, Falcon Heavy can send a fully loaded Dragon to Mars or a light Dragon to Jupiter's moons. Europa mission wd be cool.</p>- Elon Musk  (@elonmusk) <a href="https://twitter.com/mims/statuses/643538701981716481">September 14, 2015</a></blockquote><script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div></p><p>The "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-reveals-its-new-falcon-heavy-rocket-2015-1">Falcon Heavy</a>" is Musk's next planned rocket. SpaceX has yet to build and launch one, but the <a href="http://www.spacex.com/falcon-heavy">company's website states</a> that the 230-foot-tall machine could be ready as soon as 2016 and lift "a 737 jetliner loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel" into orbit around the Earth.</p><p>The "Dragon," meanwhile, is SpaceX's capsule that can ferry people and supplies into space. (Musk recently used Instagram to show how he envisions using a Dragon to <a href="http://www.techinsider.io/elon-musk-instagram-shows-how-to-land-humans-on-mars-2015-9">send humans to Mars</a>.)</p><p>Musk's idea for a Europa mission certainly got some support from scientists:</p><p><div><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en"><p>.<a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk">@elonmusk</a> Please send a mission to Europa!</p>- Emily Lakdawalla  (@elakdawalla) <a href="https://twitter.com/mims/statuses/643538883590901761">September 14, 2015</a></blockquote><script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div></p><p>Though others, like mechanical engineer Lars Osborne, are a little more skeptical of Musk's ability to get us there:</p><p><div><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en"><p><a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk">@elonmusk</a> And I'm sure dragon has enough solar panels, high gain radios and thermal control to carry out such a mission without mods. /s</p>- Lars Osborne  (@lars_0) <a href="https://twitter.com/mims/statuses/643539559276523522">September 14, 2015</a></blockquote><script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div></p><p>The last spacecraft we sent to Europa was NASA's Galileo spacecraft in the 1990s. Galileo couldn't hold people or supplies - it was a robotic probe - and it wasn't equipped with the right instruments to investigate all of the secrets scientists now suspect Europa holds.</p><p>Europa's giant ocean exists due to Jupiter's massive size. The planet's huge gravitational pull pushes and pulls on the ice moon's rocky core, heating up the interior with enough friction that scientists believe it could melt ice into liquid water.</p><p>If enough nutrients are floating around in that water, it <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/types-of-alien-life-on-europa-2015-2?_ga=1.195568111.27824499.1438868614">might contain life</a> similar to the bacteria and tiny creatures that hang around hydrothermal vents at the bottom of Earth's oceans. Or, if Europa's ocean is exceptionally habitable, the moon may even have the potential to sustain larger lifeforms.</p><p>The good news is that NASA has a <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/europa">robotic mission to Europa</a> tentatively slated for the 2020s. But who knows, maybe Musk will get humans there first.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-animation-shows-lunar-eclipse-moon-science-2015-9">This NASA animation shows what this month's stunning lunar eclipse would look like on the moon</a></h3>        <div>            <div>    <script src="http://player.ooyala.com/v3/6e12e8b3387a44daacfb73afba25a76e"></script>    <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="51NmdsdzqcrhDVPSqUAkMkbAYOthGvxY" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>    <script>    if (typeof RunFunctions === 'undefined') { var RunFunctions = []; }     RunFunctions.push(function()    {         var ooyalapopvideo = OO.Player.create('ooyalaplayer_popvideo', '51NmdsdzqcrhDVPSqUAkMkbAYOthGvxY',{ autoplay: 'false' });     });    </script>    <noscript><div>Please enable Javascript to watch this video</div></noscript></div>        </div>        <script>(function() { function createPlayer() { OO.ready(function() { RunFunctions.forEach(function(ooyalaFunction) { ooyalaFunction(); }); RunFunctions = [];}); } createPlayer(); }()); </script>    </div>

You Searched For "lunar eclipse 2020" and got 3 results

YouTuber helps researchers solve the mystery of a 2,000-year-old 'computer'

Jenny McGrath

China has released its list of top five sources of online fraud in 2022

Rahul Verma

Elon Musk says his new rocket could get us to an icy moon where alien life may exist

Kelly Dickerson