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Temperatures in several parts of <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>, specifically the northern region, will likely exceed survival standards for healthy humans by 2050. A <keyword id="6372399" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="mckinsey" source="Orion">McKinsey</keyword> report published in 2020 highlights that several significant Indian cities could quickly breach the wet-bulb 34°C-35°C temperature by the next decade. It is critical to analyse how living and working in India could be affected by the potential of exposure to extremely high temperatures, lethal heat waves, and humidity, as well as what that might mean for the working class and the country's economy. The middle and lower classes of society, who depend on heat-exposed labour to make ends meet, are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of rising temperatures. Without sufficient adaptive measures, the effective number of lost outdoor working hours will rise by about 15%, posing a 2.5–4.5%, or $150–250 billion risk to Indian GDP by 2030. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="A fundamental approach to climate change" comment="subhead" text="A fundamental approach to climate change">A fundamental approach to climate change</cmsannotation> Earth's average surface temperature has increased by 1°C since the late 19th century, primarily due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions and other human activities. Therefore, the necessity of addressing the climate change issue was emphasised by world leaders during the <keyword id="491697" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="united-nations-climate-change-conference" source="Orion">United Nations Climate Change Conference</keyword> 2021 (COP26). More than 120 world leaders and 40,000 attendees attended the COP26 hosted in Glasgow in November 2021. Two weeks of deliberation on science, solutions, political will, and actionable steps to address the climate crisis acknowledged that to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5°C, greenhouse gas emissions must decrease by 40% by 2030. At the COP26 Summit, our Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="narendra-modi" source="Orion">Narendra Modi</keyword> offered a five-fold strategy for India to play its part. <keyword id="2238662" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="pm-modi" source="Orion">PM Modi</keyword> pledged that India will cut its economy's carbon intensity by less than 45% by 2030 and will reach its goal of being Net-Zero by 2070. The proclamation dubbed 'Panchamrit', which means five nectar elements, represents the five key commitments by the nation on the world stage. India also promised to have 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity and will source half of its energy needs from renewable sources by 2030. The PM also claimed that India will cut its anticipated carbon emissions by a total of one billion tonnes by 2030. Through the Panchamrit proclamation, the nation promised to lead the world in driving measures toward a sustainable future. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Carbon-neutrality: a smart energy practice" comment="subhead" text="Carbon-neutrality: a smart energy practice">Carbon-neutrality: a smart energy practice</cmsannotation> It is globally acknowledged that the private sector must significantly contribute to the sustainability mission. Several companies have already made net zero commitments and are deploying technology, business models, capital and financing to tackle the tremendous challenge posed by climate change. The energy sector will be a dynamic contributor to this transformation toward a climate-resilient and energy-secure India. It can make it one of the most attractive markets for the best available technologies that support this transformation. The energy sector has been proactively developing into a leading force for holistic and integrated strategies to address the nation's most difficult challenges at the intersection of energy poverty, energy access and climate change. The Triple Sector Approach (involving communities, companies, and government) has been promoted through data-driven and evidence-based policy support to catalyse climate action through engagement with business, government, academia, and CSOs to unleash innovation and entrepreneurship. Using their own and other accessible energy-efficient, low-carbon, and net-zero enabling technologies, the energy sector is obligated to help achieve 100 GWs of energy savings in support of the Panchamrit proclamation announced at COP26 by 2030. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Leaving a greener footprint" comment="subhead" text="Leaving a greener footprint">Leaving a greener footprint</cmsannotation> The key to decarbonisation is extensive and responsible energy-efficient improvements as we transition to a climate-resilient and energy-secure future. The IEA Sustainable Development Scenario estimates that the world can achieve more than 40% of the emissions reductions required by 2040 through energy efficiency. Promoting and adopting energy efficiency practices, which is the "First Fuel", is a logical step that facilitates the energy transition through active participation by all sectors of society, including industry, government, and academia. Energy efficiency can support the world's net-zero energy goals at reduced costs and can achieve India's India’s climate change commitments enshrined in the <keyword id="6769801" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="panchamrita" source="Orion">Panchamrita</keyword> proclamations and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) while providing a wide range of co-benefits at the societal level. A thorough decarbonisation plan to assist and prioritise sustainable efforts in sectors where energy consumption can be dramatically decreased, such as building, energy, transportation, and agriculture, should be the prime focus. To mandate decarbonisation across the nation, the centre, the state, local authorities, and large organisations should align their goals and implementation efforts. India must cultivate an energy-efficient culture by embracing aggressive and ambitious energy efficiency goals and adopting policies that will encourage energy-efficient building, appliances, and vehicles. This will complement India’s ambitious renewable energy targets and lead to the decarbonisation of the economy. Dr <keyword id="172883" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="satish-kumar" source="Orion">Satish Kumar</keyword> is the President &amp; Executive Director of the Alliance for an Energy-Efficient Economy (AEEE). This column is part of a year-long (2022-23) campaign on the theme “Only One Earth: Sustaining People, Planet and Prosperity” by Business Insider India’s <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sustainability">Sustainability Insider</a>. Disclaimer: The opinions expressed by the author/interviewee do not necessarily reflect the views of Business Insider India. The article has been partly edited for length and clarity.

OPINION: Priorities for building an energy-efficient Indian economy

The <keyword id="6355512" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="union-cabinet" source="Orion">Union Cabinet</keyword> on Wednesday approved <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>'s updated Nationally Determined Contribution (<keyword id="66873" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="ndc" source="Orion">NDC</keyword>) under the Paris Climate Agreement. According to the updated NDC, India now stands committed to reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by 45 per cent by 2030, from the 2005 level, to achieve about 50 per cent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030 and to put forward and further propagate a healthy and sustainable way of living based on traditions and values of conservation and moderation. At the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in Glasgow last November, Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="narendra-modi" source="Orion">Narendra Modi</keyword> proposed a five-fold strategy for India to play its part in helping the world get closer to 1.5 degrees Celsius. On October 2, 2015, India submitted its NDC to the UNFCCC. The 2015 NDC had eight goals; three out of eight have quantitative targets up to 2030. These were: cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil sources to reach 40 per cent, reduction of the emissions intensity of GDP by 33 to 35 per cent compared to 2005 levels, and create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through other forest and tree cover. Responding to the updated NDC, R.R. Rashmi, Distinguished Fellow, TERI, said: "The decision by India to update its NDCs in full line with the PM's Glasgow announcements. "It reaffirms the ambition and puts sustainable development at the centre of the debate. India does not envisage sectoral emission reduction obligations as part of its NDC until 2030. The NDC does not bind it to any sector-specific mitigation obligation or action. "On the other hand, it rightly emphasises the value of a sustainable way of living as an effective and just solution to the problem of climate change. It has also removed a lingering doubt by clarifying that 50 per cent of energy by 2030 is to be counted in non-fossil fuel-based electricity production." Aarti Khosla, Director of Climate Trends, told IANS, "Only a part of what was announced in Glasgow now gets enshrined in India's NDC. The target of having 50 per cent installed capacity of non-fossil fuel-based targets by 2030, compared with the 40 per cent non-fossil fuel-based targets we have today, shows that while the direction of travel is good, the pace could have been faster. "The formal submission also doesn't include the target of 500GW of non-fossil based and 450GW of renewables-based energy, which has often been discussed as the country's stated ambition on climate targets." Madhura Joshi, Senior Associate, India Energy Transition Lead, E3G, said: "At COP26, Prime Minister <keyword id="6354642" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="modi" source="Orion">Modi</keyword> announced ambitious Panchamrits focussing on actions required this decade to meet India's development needs and secure a low carbon future. "These included 500GW of non-fossil fuel capacity, 50 per cent of installed renewables capacity, reducing one bn tonnes of CO2 emissions, 45 per cent emissions intensity reduction over 2005 levels by 2030, and achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. "India's updated NDC targets are a welcome move and include 50 per cent of non-fossil fuel capacity and 45 per cent emissions intensity reduction by 2030. These targets, while lower than the panchamrits, are actionable. A reiteration of the renewables focus would have provided a fresh impetus for the renewables sector." For Vibhuti Garg, Energy Economist and India Lead, Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, "India's updated NDC does not include all the 'panchamrita' promises made at COP26 in Glasgow. India needs more demand side and supply side push."

Climate change: Cabinet approves India's updated NDC under the Paris Climate Agreement

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OPINION: Priorities for building an energy-efficient Indian economy

Dr Satish Kumar

Climate change: Cabinet approves India's updated NDC under the Paris Climate Agreement

IANS

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