UBS: These 7 cities are most at risk of a real estate bubble

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7. Paris

7. Paris

2019 bubble index score: 1.54

2018 bubble index score: 1.44

"Real housing prices in the French capital have reached a new all-time high after a 5% increase in the last four quarters," UBS said in the report.

The firm added:"Prices have been decoupling continuously from the rest of the country since 2006."

Source: UBS

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6. Vancouver

6. Vancouver

2019 bubble index score: 1.61

2018 bubble index score: 1.92

"In just a couple of quarters year-on-year price growth rates have reversed from over 10% to -7%," UBS said in its report. "Sky-high valuations and overstretched affordability have made the market vulnerable to even minor demand shifts."

Source: UBS

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5. Frankfurt

5. Frankfurt

2019 bubble index score: 1.71

2018 bubble index score: 1.43

"Frankfurt's housing market over the last 10 years has been characterized by accelerating price growth which has outpaced the country average annually," UBS said in the report.

The firm continued: "Last year real prices soared 11%, the highest rate among the cities covered in this report."

Source: UBS

4. Amsterdam

4. Amsterdam

2019 bubble index score: 1.84

2018 bubble index score: 1.65

"Amsterdam has recorded the strongest price increase of all cities in the study since 2015," The bank said. "On average, real prices have increased by close to 10% a year, outpacing income growth by far."

Source: UBS

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3. Hong Kong

3. Hong Kong

2019 bubble index score: 1.84

2018 bubble index score: 2.03

"Fueled by strong investor demand, general positive sentiment and the fear of missing out on capital gains, the real price level in Hong Kong more than doubled between 2008 and 2018," UBS said.

The bank added: "However, the weaker economic outlook has cooled residential buyer sentiment recently."

Source: UBS

2. Toronto

2. Toronto

2019 bubble index score: 1.86

2018 bubble index score: 1.95

"Real housing prices in the city almost tripled between 2000 and 2017," The bank said in the report. "As in Vancouver, local authorities introduced a foreign buyers' tax, rent controls and tighter mortgage standards to tackle worsening affordability."

Source: UBS

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1. Munich

1. Munich

2019 bubble index score: 2.01

2018 bubble index score: 1.99

"Housing market valuations have soared thanks to the strong and well-diversified local economy, solid population growth and insufficient new supply," the firm said in the report.

UBS added: "Real prices have more than doubled over the last 10 years, while real rents have risen by 40%."

Source: UBS