Williams reportedly owns 15% of Twitter, more than his co-founder Jack Dorsey. Dorsey is the one who actually came up with the idea for real-time mass text messages. But Williams owned the company that spawned Twitter, Odeo.
Twitter's private market cap is currently $10.5 billion. If the company goes public at the same valuation, Williams will amass about $1.5 billion. If the market cap opens higher, Williams will be worth multiple billions.
Williams was already worth a lot before co-founding Twitter. He sold his company Blogger to Google in 2003. The acquisition amount was never disclosed, but it was likely in the $20-50 million range.
When Twitter was still young, Williams made a smart - or shrewd - business move that positioned him to become its largest shareholder.
Business Insider's Nicholas Carlson wrote about it at length in 2011, but here's the most relevant bit:
One day in September 2006, Odeo's CEO
In his letter to Odeo's investors, Williams wrote this about Twitter:
By the way, Twitter (http://twitter.com), which you may have read about, is one of the pieces of value that I see in Odeo, but it's much too early to tell what's there. Almost two months after launch, Twitter has less than 5,000 registered users. I will continue to invest in Twitter, but it's hard to say it justifies the venture investment Odeo certainly holds -- especially since that investment was for a different market altogether.
Evan proposed buying back Odeo investors' stock, and, eventually, the investors agreed to the buyback. So Evan bought the company - and Twitter. The amount he paid has never been reported. Multiple investors, who had combined to put $5 million into Odeo, say Evan made them whole.
Five years later, assets of the company the original Odeo investors sold for approximately $5 million are worth at least 1000X more: $5 billion.