<ul class="summary-list"><li>You can publish a book on <keyword id="18635" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Amazon">Amazon</keyword> using <keyword id="1197733" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Kindle-Direct-Publishing">Kindle Direct Publishing</keyword>. </li><li>To get started, create a Kindle Direct <keyword id="366450" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Publishing">Publishing</keyword> account that's connected to your Amazon account. </li><li>You can upload a book in Word or PDF format, or use the Kindle Creator tool to convert a book for publishing.</li></ul><p>Amazon isn't just an online retailer. It started as an online bookstore and, building on those roots, is a book publisher as well. Unlike a traditional book publisher, though, where you need to persuade an acquisitions editor to offer you a contract to get a book published, anyone can self-publish a book on Amazon. </p><h2>How to publish a book on Amazon</h2><p>You need to create an account with Amazon's Kindle Direct Publishing system, then upload and publish your completed book. Then anyone can purchase and download your book in Kindle format. Here is everything you need to know. </p><h3><strong>How to create a Kindle Direct Publishing account</strong></h3><p>Kindle Direct Publishing (<keyword id="76197" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="KDP">KDP</keyword>) is Amazon's self-publishing system. If you want to publish a book to the Kindle platform, you need to start here.<br /><br /></p><ol><li>Open the<a href="https://kdp.amazon.com"> KDP webpage</a> in a browser. </li><li>The easiest way to use KDP is to connect it to your existing Amazon account, so click "Sign in" and use your Amazon credentials to set up your KDP account. If you don't have an Amazon account, click "Sign up" and follow the instructions to create an account. <br /><br /><div type="image" title="Publish 1" height="836" width="1885" msid="82148646" hostid="261"></div></li><li>On the user agreement page, click "Agree."</li><li>On the KDP setup page, you should see a message that your account information is complete near the top of the page. Click "Update Now."<br /><br /><div type="image" title="Publish 2" height="860" width="1865" msid="82148651" hostid="261"></div></li><li>Follow the instructions and enter all the requested information. Start by entering your country, and then complete the "Author/Publisher" information by entering your name, address, and phone number. </li><li>Move on to the Getting Paid section and enter your bank information. This is necessary so Amazon can pay you for book sales. You'll need the account number and routing number for your bank account, which is the same information you would provide to set up direct deposit with an employer. When this section is done, click "Add."</li><li>In the Tax Information section, click "Complete Tax Information" and answer the questions to complete the section. Indicate if you are completing the form as an individual or as a business, specify if you are a US citizen, and enter your tax ID (which, for an individual, should be your social security number). Click "Continue" when you're done.<br /><br /><div type="image" title="Publish 3" height="1498" width="1245" msid="82148653" hostid="261"></div></li><li>In the Sign and Submit section, check the consent box and enter your legal name. Click "Save and Preview." </li><li>Review the W-9 form and, if you don't need to make any changes, click "Submit For." On the next page, click "Exit Interview."</li></ol><h3><strong>How to create your Kindle book</strong></h3><ol><li>On the<a href="https://kdp.amazon.com/en_US/"> KDP webpage</a>, click "Bookshelf" at the top of the page. </li><li>You can choose to create a Kindle eBook or a paperback book. Regardless of which you choose to make, the process is basically the same. Click "Kindle eBook" or "Paperback." (A less common option is to click "Series," which you might do if you plan to publish several titles in the same series, such as a four-book set of fantasy novels or a number of thematically related how-to <keyword id="5050" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="books">books</keyword>.) <br /><br /><div type="image" title="Publish 4" height="804" width="1578" msid="82148654" hostid="261"></div></li><li>Complete the Kindle eBook Details tab. Enter a book title and subtitle as well as author information and book description. The subtitle is optional but can be very useful for helping potential readers learn more about the book. The description is also important, as it appears on the Amazon details page and represents the most important information customers will see about your book. <br /><br /><div type="image" title="Publish 5" height="994" width="1673" msid="82148656" hostid="261"></div></li><li>Continue filling out this page with relevant keywords. Like the book description, keywords help inform potential readers about your book, but also play a big role in helping search engines prioritize your writing. Try to avoid repeating the same words that are in your title, but instead may be other common terms that describe the main theme or purpose of the book.  </li><li>Select two categories from Amazon's list. One way to help your book rank better and have a better chance with potential readers is to choose relevant categories with less competition or categories in which you believe your book will perform better. <br /><br /><div type="image" title="Publish 6" height="765" width="1476" msid="82148657" hostid="261"></div> </li><li>Complete the page and select "I am ready to release my book now." Click "Save and Continue."</li><li>On the Kindle eBook Content tab, choose whether you want to enable digital rights management. Unless you want readers to be able to freely share complete versions of your book, you should probably click "Yes."</li><li>Upload your book. If the book has a simple structure and you've created it in Microsoft Word or another common publishing tool, click "Upload eBook manuscript" and select the file. <a href="https://kdp.amazon.com/en_US/help/topic/G200634390#EPUB">KPD recognizes common formats</a> like DOC, DOCX, RTF, TXT, and PDF, among others. If you want to be sure your book is well-formatted, you can use Amazon's free Kindle Create program to prepare your manuscript - click the link to download the program and then edit your manuscript file before uploading. </li><li>You also need to create a cover. You don't need to be a graphic artist; if you don't already have a suitable cover design, you can click "Launch Cover Creator" and use Amazon's tool to easily make a book cover. Choose an image from Amazon's library of cover art, choose a color scheme, and then click "Save &amp; Submit."<br /><br /><div type="image" title="Publish 7" height="1310" width="1915" msid="82148659" hostid="261"></div></li><li>If you are publishing a paperback book, you need to enter an ISBN number. An ISBN is required for print titles but optional for eBooks. If you want to get an ISBN, you can purchase one from various websites including<a href="https://www.isbnservices.com/"> ISBNServices</a> and<a href="http://www.isbn.org/"> isbn.org</a>. </li><li>When you're done with the Kindle eBook Content tab, click "Save and Continue."</li><li>The final step is to add pricing information. You can set any price you like for your title, though the royalties will vary depending upon the list price. To get 70% royalties in the US, a book must be priced between $2.99 and $9.99. Books priced under $2.99 or over $9.99 offer 35% royalties. View Amazon's <a href="https://kdp.amazon.com/en_US/help/topic/G200634560">list price requirements page</a> for price ranges outside the US.  <br /><br /><div type="image" title="Publish 8" height="1183" width="1851" msid="82148660" hostid="261"></div></li><li>Complete the rest of the tab and then click "Publish your Kindle eBook."</li><li>You should see a pop-up window that tells you the book has been published, though it may take up to three days for the book to appear for sale on Amazon. <br /><br /><div type="image" title="Publish 9" height="1008" width="1472" msid="82148661" hostid="261"></div></li></ol><h2>How to track your book's sales and performance</h2><p>After the book is published, you can edit it or follow its performance from the <a href="https://kdp.amazon.com">KDP website</a>.</p><ul><li>Click the "Bookshelf" tab at the top of the page and then scroll down to "Your Books." Here you can see all your published titles, their status, price, and make changes to the listing. For example, this is where you go to update the description or keywords. </li><li>Click the "Reports" tab at the top of the page to see your historical earnings and book sales. </li></ul><a data-type="60076ebbb0bef47e7130d28d">How to sell on Amazon as a business or single seller through a Professional or Individual account</a><a data-type="5d0407b86fc9200f174caf05">Why Amazon doesn't offer a 'price match' policy on the products it sells, according to the company</a><a data-type="5cc06645fa99af3f30229e9c">How to sell books on Amazon</a><a data-type="5e626c5afee23d09860c7796">How to spot fake products on Amazon using a few different methods</a>

How to publish a book on Amazon and earn money for each sale

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A buzzy new author has become a familiar presence in Amazon's bookstore — OpenAI's ChatGPT.</li><li>The chatbot is credited as an author or coauthor for more than 200 paperbacks and e-books.</li></ul><p>ChatGPT appears to have become a prolific author. </p><p>At the time of writing, the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/chatgpt-ai-chaos-openia-google-creatives-academics-2023-1?r=US&amp;IR=T" target="_blank" rel="noopener">buzzy chatbot developed</a> by OpenAI was credited as the author or coauthor on more than 200 paperbacks and e-books in Amazon's bookstore. The number was first reported by <a href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/chatgpt-launches-boom-ai-written-e-books-amazon-2023-02-21/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reuters</a>.</p><p>The real number of books authored by the chatbot could be much higher as Amazon policies do not require users to disclose the use of AI, per Reuters.</p><p>Several books are guides to using the chatbot. One paperback where the bot is listed as a coauthor, "ChatGPT on ChatGPT: The AI Explains Itself," was described as having been "written entirely" by the AI bot. The Kindle version of the book is free but a <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?amazonTrackingID=biauto-62036-20&amp;postID=63f5e4f5507e5b7eea38b1d3&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FChatGPT-AI-Explains-Itself%2Fdp%2FB0BPVR1JSB" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored">paperback</a> costs $11.99.</p><p>Another popular genre is children's books written by ChatGPT and illustrated by other <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-use-dall-e-online-ai-image-generator-art-2022-9?r=US&amp;IR=T">AI programs</a>. Ammaar Reshi, a product-design manager at a financial-tech company based in San Francisco, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/chatgpt-midjourney-ai-write-illustrate-childrens-book-one-weekend-alice-2023-1?r=US&amp;IR=T">told Insider</a> he wrote and illustrated a children's book in 72 hours using ChatGPT and Midjourney.</p><p>Reshi self-published "Alice and Sparkle" as a paperback on Amazon's bookstore for free via a <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?amazonTrackingID=biauto-62036-20&amp;postID=63f5e4f5507e5b7eea38b1d3&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Faffiliate.insider.com%2F%3FpostID%3D63bd7877386467646d1fe6a3%26site%3Dbi%26u%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fkdp.amazon.com%252Fen_US%252Fhelp%252Ftopic%252FGHKDSCW2KQ3K4UU4%26amazonTrackingID%3Dnull%26platform%3Dbrowser%26sc%3Dfalse%26disabled%3Dfalse%26tag%3Dbisafetynet2-20" target="_blank" rel="noopener">service</a> called KDP. The book went viral on Twitter after it was met with intense backlash from creatives. Some were upset about how <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-image-generators-artists-copying-style-thousands-images-2022-10?r=US&amp;IR=T">AI image generators use their work</a>, while others took issue with the quality of the writing. </p><p>Mary Rasenberger, executive director of writers' group the Authors Guild, told Reuters: "This is something we really need to be worried about, these books will flood the market and a lot of authors are going to be out of work."</p><p>Rasenberger told the news agency she was concerned that the ability to automate creative writing with AI could risk turning the process into a commodity and produce a lot of low-quality books.</p><p>"There needs to be transparency from the authors and the platforms about how these books are created," she said.</p><p style="font-weight: 400;">Lindsay Hamilton, an Amazon spokesperson told Insider: "All books in the store must adhere to our <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?amazonTrackingID=biauto-62036-20&amp;postID=63f5e4f5507e5b7eea38b1d3&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fhelp%2Fcustomer%2Fdisplay.html%3FnodeId%3D201995150" target="_blank" rel="noopener">content guidelines</a>, including compliance with intellectual property rights and all other applicable laws."</p><p>Representatives for OpenAI did not immediately respond to Insider's request for comment made outside normal working hours.</p>

More than 200 books in Amazon's bookstore have ChatGPT listed as an author or coauthor

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Ammaar Reshi wrote and illustrated a children's book in 72 hours using ChatGPT and Midjourney. </li><li>The book went viral on Twitter after it was met with intense backlash from artists.</li></ul><p>Ammaar Reshi was reading a bedtime story to his friend's daughter when he decided he wanted to write his own.</p><p>Reshi, a product-design manager at a financial-tech company based in San Francisco, told Insider he had little experience in illustration or creative writing, so he turned to AI tools.</p><p>In December he used OpenAI's new chatbot, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-chat-gpt-2023-1">ChatGPT</a>, to write "Alice and Sparkle," a story about a girl named Alice who wants to learn about the world of tech, and her robot friend, Sparkle. He then used Midjourney, an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-use-dall-e-online-ai-image-generator-art-2022-9">AI art generator</a>, to illustrate it.</p><p>Just 72 hours later, Reshi self-published his book on Amazon's digital bookstore. The following day, he had the paperback in his hands, made for free via another <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?postID=63bd7877386467646d1fe6a3&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fkdp.amazon.com%2Fen_US%2Fhelp%2Ftopic%2FGHKDSCW2KQ3K4UU4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon service</a> called KDP.</p><div type="image" title="Front page of Alice and Sparkle, by Ammaar Reshi. An AI generated children's book." height="2624" width="3936" msid="97005819" hostid="261"></div><p>He said he paid nothing to create and publish the book, though he was already paying for a $30-a-month Midjourney subscription.</p><p>Impressed with the speed and results of his project, Reshi shared the experience in a <a href="https://twitter.com/ammaar/status/1601284293363261441" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter thread</a> that attracted more than 2,000 comments and 5,800 retweets.</p><p>Reshi said he initially received positive feedback from users <a href="https://twitter.com/RemixMTG/status/1601615578644779008" target="_blank" rel="noopener">praising his creativity</a>. But the next day, the responses were filled with vitriol.</p><p>"There was this incredibly passionate response," Reshi said. "At 4 a.m. I was getting woken up by my phone blowing up every two minutes with a new tweet saying things like, 'You're scum' and 'We hate you.'"</p><p>Reshi said he was shocked by the intensity of the responses for what was supposed to be a gift for the children of some friends. It was only when he started reading through them that he discovered he had landed himself in the middle of a much larger debate.</p><h2>Artists accused him of theft </h2><p>Reshi's book touched a nerve with some artists who argue that AI art generators are stealing their work.</p><p>Some artists claim their art has been used to train AI image generators like Midjourney without their permission. Users can enter artists' <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-image-generators-artists-copying-style-thousands-images-2022-10">names as prompts</a> to generate art in their style.</p><p>An update to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/lensa-app-review-turn-selfies-digital-art-ai-technology-photos-2022-12">Lensa AI</a>, a photo-editing tool, went viral on social-media last year after it launched an update that used AI to transform users' selfies into works of art, leading artists to highlight their concerns about AI programs taking inspiration from their work without permission or payment.</p><p>"I had not read up on the issues," Reshi said. "I realized that Lensa had actually caused this whole thing with that being a very mainstream app. It had spread that debate, and I was just getting a ton of hate for it."</p><p>"I was just shocked, and honestly I didn't really know how to deal with it," he said.</p><p>Among the nasty messages, Reshi said he found people with reasonable and valid concerns.</p><p>"Those are the people I wanted to engage with," he said. "I wanted a different perspective. I think it's very easy to be caught up in your bubble in San Francisco and Silicon Valley, where you think this is making leaps, but I wanted to hear from people who thought otherwise."</p><p>After learning more, he added to his Twitter thread saying that artists should be involved in the creation of AI image generators and that their "talent, skill, hard work to get there needs to be respected."</p><p>He said he thinks some of the hate was misdirected at his one-off project, when Midjourney allows users to "generate as much art as they want."</p><p>Reshi's book was briefly removed from Amazon — he said Amazon paused its sales from January 6 to January 14, citing "suspicious review activity," which he attributed to the volume of both five- and one-star reviews. He had sold 841 copies before it was removed.</p><p>Midjourney's founder, David Holz, told Insider: "Very few images made on our service are used commercially. It's almost entirely for personal use."</p><p>He said that data for all AI systems are "sourced from broadly spidering the internet," and most of the data in Midjourney's model are "just photos."</p><h2>A creative process </h2><p>Reshi said the project was never about claiming authorship over the book.</p><p>"I wouldn't even call myself the author," he said. "The AI is essentially the ghostwriter, and the other AI is the illustrator."</p><p>But he did think the process was a creative one. He said he spent hours tweaking the prompts in Midjourney to try and achieve consistent illustrations.</p><p>Despite successfully creating an image of his heroine, Alice, to appear throughout the book, he wasn't able to do the same for her robot friend. He had to use a picture of a different robot each time it appeared. </p><p>"It was impossible to get Sparkle the robot to look the same," he said. "It got to a point where I had to include a line in the book that says Sparkle can turn into all kinds of robot shapes."</p><div type="image" title="A photo of a page of Alice and Sparkle, by Ammaar Reshi. An AI generated children's book." height="2570" width="3855" msid="97005822" hostid="261"></div><p>Some people also attacked the quality of the book's writing and illustrations. </p><p>"The writing is stiff and has no voice whatsoever," one Amazon <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Alice-Sparkle-exciting-childrens-technology/dp/B0BNV5KMD8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reviewer</a> said. "And the art — wow — so bad it hurts. Tangents all over the place, strange fingers on every page, and inconsistencies to the point where it feels like these images are barely a step above random."</p><p>Reshi said he would be hesitant to put out an illustrated book again, but he would like to try other projects with AI.</p><p>"I'd use ChatGPT for instance," he said, saying there seem to be fewer concerns around content ownership than with AI image generators.</p><p>The goal of the project was always to gift the book to the two children of his friends, who both liked it, Reshi added.</p><p>"It worked with the people I intended, which was great," he said.</p>

This man used AI to write and illustrate a children's book in one weekend. He wasn't prepared for the backlash.

San Francisco, July 10 (IANS) Microsoft has introduced a new platform security technology to prevent data corruption techniques being adopted by cyber criminals to target system security policy and tamper with data structures on Windows 10 devices.<br /><br />Called Kernel Data Protection (KDP), the technology prevents data corruption attacks by protecting parts of the Windows kernel and drivers through virtualization-based security (VBS). <br /><br />According to the company, KDP is a set of APIs (application programming interfaces) that provide the ability to mark some kernel memory as read-only, preventing attackers from ever modifying protected memory. <br /><br />"For example, we've seen attackers use signed but vulnerable drivers to attack policy data structures and install a malicious, unsigned driver. KDP mitigates such attacks by ensuring that policy data structures cannot be tampered with," the tech giant said in a statement this week.<br /><br />The concept of protecting kernel memory as read-only has valuable applications for the Windows kernel, inbox components, security products, and even third-party drivers like anti-cheat and digital rights management (DRM) software. <br /><br />KDP uses technologies that are supported by default on Secured-core PCs, which implement a specific set of device requirements that apply the security best practices of isolation and minimal trust to the technologies that underpin the Windows operating system. <br /><br />"It enhances the security provided by the features that make up Secured-core PCs by adding another layer of protection for sensitive system configuration data," said Microsoft.<br /><br />--IANS<br /><br />na/

Microsoft introduces new security technology to prevent data corruption

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Kristen Walters is a full-time content creator after quitting her job as a lawyer. </li><li>She used AI tools to double her income without increasing her hours. </li></ul><p id="3226">I've been using AI tools to help grow my one-woman business for the past year. Honestly, it's been a game-changer. For example, with the help of AI, I was able to double my income last year <em>without</em> working more hours.</p><p id="4521">My business model didn't change. I didn't hire anyone. The only thing that changed was how I used AI to work more productively and efficiently.</p><p id="d92c">So I thought I'd share some of the ways that I'm currently using AI to make money in 2023.</p><h2 id="f3bd">1. YouTube</h2><p id="2692">I've been creating faceless YouTube channels for a few years now. At this point, I have a few dozen channels in various "boring" niches. But combined, they add up to a substantial monthly income from both YouTube Adsense and affiliate products.</p><p id="9fc1">Most of the videos I create are <em>evergreen</em>, meaning the content should be relevant for at least a few years.I also create videos around products that I can promote using an affiliate link, so the videos start earning right away, even if the channel isn't monetized with Adsense.</p><p id="2a7a">However, coming up with video topics, titles, and scripts takes a lot of time, especially when you're a soloprenuer who is always juggling a dozen projects.</p><p id="46f0">Last year I started using the Jasper AI writing assistant to help speed up the process. Jasper is able to come up with video topic ideas, SEO-optimized titles, script outlines, hooks, and an introduction.</p><p id="a72d">Once I have my outline, I can use Jasper's "Compose" feature to fill in the blanks for each section of my script.</p><div type="image" title="Kristen Walters" height="546" width="700" msid="101086836" hostid="261"></div><p id="fdfa">From there, I record a voiceover for the video using the script and pair it with a "faceless" tutorial-style video. Jasper can also write SEO-optimized YouTube descriptions.</p><h2 id="05a6">2. Digital products</h2><p id="a908">I've been creating simple digital products like ebooks, workbooks, audiobooks for over a decade now.Man, I'm getting old.</p><p id="2d03">Each one is a tiny asset that add income to my business. And let me tell you, it adds up. Digital products have always been fairly easy to create and sell, but with the help of AI tools like Jasper, the process of creating content is even easier and faster.</p><h2 id="c9c0"><strong>Here's an example:</strong></h2><p id="497e">Let's say that I have an idea for a digital "workbook" to help self-employed people manage their money better. First, this is a topic I know a little something about because I've been self-employed for a very long time. Notice I'm NOT relying on Jasper, or, god forbid, ChaptGPT, to give me accurate information.</p><p>Hot Take: Don't make digital products with AI on topics you don't know anything about.</p><p id="2030">However, in order to speed up the idea generation/outlining process, I would use Jasper's "chat" feature to come up with an outline for my workbook.</p><p id="240e">I used the prompt: <em>Write an outline for a workbook titled "Money Management for Freelancers.</em><strong><em>"</em></strong></p><p><strong><em></em></strong></p><div type="image" title="Kristen Walters" height="547" width="700" msid="101086837" hostid="261"></div><p id="820e">I generally don't use the outputs Jasper gives me as-is, but it's usually a great starting point. Best of all, this took 30 seconds, whereas it may have taken me 10 – 30 minutes to come up with a similar outline on my own.</p><p id="9fd5">From there, I can ask Jasper to suggest content for each section, which I can revise and edit to my liking.I also add in my own thoughts, examples, section titles, paragraphs, etc. Remember, this is a tool to assist and not replace you.  </p><p id="b8bf">Then I take the content and format it as a PDF workbook using Canva. From there, I upload it to ConvertKit — which is one of my favorite platforms for selling digital products — and then run low-cost Pinterest ads ($.10 to $.15 CPC) to make sales.</p><p id="3bcb">Of course, you don't have to use ConvertKit.I've also sold digital products using Teachable, Etsy, Gumroad, and my own website(s).</p><p id="7f36">If you have a YouTube channel *wink, wink*, you can also promote your digital products there to compound the results of your efforts.</p><h2 id="cc81">3. Online courses</h2><p id="f59b">First, let me just say that I have a long and sorted history with online courses.</p><p id="9f0c">However, I honestly think online courses are STILL one of the most effective ways to make serious income online in 2023.</p><p id="91bd">From 2013 to 2019, I ran my business as a personal brand. As part of that, I sold online courses where I was the instructor and the face of my business.</p><p id="304e">The amazing thing about selling courses as a personal brand (opposed to a publisher brand) was that my courses sold really well because people could connect with me personally.</p><p id="88cf">The not-so-amazing part was that I got really burned out doing it. So I pulled the plug on my old online courses and changed to a publisher model.</p><p id="dbd9">Today I still create online courses, but I do it as a publisher and not as a personal brand. In other words, I am no longer the face of my business.</p><p id="9905">You will not see my face teaching a course anywhere on the internet.</p><p id="ead5">Instead, I create niche brands around specific topics, then create online courses to sell in connection with the brand.The process of using Jasper to help create an online course is very similar to the process used to create any other digital product.</p><p id="42cd">It starts with asking Jasper to come up with title ideas and a sample outline for the course.</p><h2 id="14d1">Here's an example:</h2><div type="image" title="Kristen Walters" height="558" width="700" msid="101086839" hostid="261"></div><p id="bc06">From here, I would follow a similar process to creating a digital product or YouTube video script — just fill in the sections on my own or with Jasper's help.</p><p id="8c19">Once I'm happy with the script, I might hire a freelancer on Fiverr to record the lessons or do a voice-over with a tutorial or presentation-style video. I prefer to sell my online courses using either Teachable or Thinkific.</p><p id="c505">However, if you don't want to invest in a course platform that you control, you can always upload your content to Udemy or Skillshare.</p><p id="398a">But just be aware that you'll be at the mercy of their ever-changing rules.</p><h2 id="a716">4. Affiliate content</h2><p id="f489">If you've ever typed "how to make money online" into a search engine, I bet one of the first things you saw was "affiliate marketing."</p><p id="28c9">Affiliate marketing is great because you get paid for promoting someone else's product. There's no customer service, no inventory, no overhead. Just profit.</p><p id="d1a0">The problem with affiliate marketing is that it's really hard to make money with it if you don't know how to create affiliate content that leads to a sale.This is where most people get stuck.</p><p id="79e4">It's a lot like that episode of South Park where the underpants gnomes try to explain how they plan to make money stealing people's underpants…</p><p id="f5fe">Phase 1: Steal underpants</p><p id="7f97">Phase 2: …???…</p><p id="38bb">Phase 3: Profit!!!</p><p id="483d">But what happens in Phase 2?</p><p id="11bb">In the affiliate marketing world, Phase 2 is the content and messaging that is used to convince someone to purchase the product you are promoting so that you can make a commission.</p><p id="908f">As it turns out, this part is really difficult for most people. But that's where AI can help.Jasper has several templates that I've found to be incredibly useful when it comes to creating content to promote affiliate products.</p><p id="7124">Those are:</p><ul><li id="de4a">AIDA Framework,</li><li id="d3c1">PAS Framework,</li><li id="94a6">Persuasive Bullet Points</li><li id="4483">Before-After-Bridge Framework,</li><li id="a776">Mini VSL (video sales letter), and</li><li id="4ed1">Landing page template.</li></ul><p id="8050">These are marketing templates that you can enter information into about the product you want to sell, and they will help you write persuasive content that you can use on your website, in an email newsletter, on social media, YouTube, TikTok videos, etc.</p><p id="931e">Alternatively, you can use the Jasper Chat feature and ask it to write you an article, sales pages, social media post, etc., to sell whatever it is that you are trying to sell.</p><p id="e3d3">Here's a really simple example of using Jasper to write affiliate content.</p><p id="1227">For this example, I'm going to go to Amazon and click on this random dog feeder and water dispenser. If you're in the Amazon Associates program, you could make about $3 every time someone clicks your link and buys this product:</p><div type="image" title="Kristen Walters" height="548" width="700" msid="101086842" hostid="261"></div><p id="5ffa">All you have to do is copy the product title and description right from the Amazon page and pop it into Jasper.</p><p id="4d9f">Here I'm using the AIDA marketing framework in Jasper to create my content:</p><div type="image" title="Kristen Walters" height="415" width="700" msid="101086844" hostid="261"></div><p id="fc59">Then I could use this script for a TikTok video, social media post, ad, or as the start of a longer review article that compares more than one product.</p><p id="e71a">This is a really simple example, but I think you get the gist of it.</p><p id="e983">Maybe? If not, leave a comment.</p><h2 id="7450">5. Publishing</h2><p id="a678">I left this one for last because I know it's *kinda* controversial. I know there are people out there creating garbage content in mass quantities using ChatGPT and trying to sell it as a "book" on Amazon.</p><p id="aaa8">I am going to strongly encourage you NOT to do that because I don't think those people are going to win in the long term.</p><p id="ef50">First of all, Amazon isn't dumb.</p><p id="53ae">I snoop around Facebook and Discord groups dedicated to self-publishing, and people that try to game the system are getting their accounts shut down in droves.</p><p id="3da9">I just read a story about some guy that was making six figures a month on Amazon KDP and then got his account shut down for some TOS violation for using AI content that was plagiarized. It's just not worth the gamble.</p><p id="ef71">If you want to build a sustainable business in the self-publishing world that has longevity, be very careful when it comes to AI-generated content, especially if you are publishing on Amazon.</p><p id="7fbc">At the very least, you better be adding a lot of your own content, rewording anything AI-generated, editing, proofreading, and running it through a plagiarism checker.</p><p id="8cce">Better still, if you can afford to hire an editor.</p><p id="1361">But that being said, there are still some ethical use cases for AI when it comes to publishing.</p><p id="6053">Here are a few ways I'm using it in my publishing business in 2023:</p><ul><li id="a164">Idea generation</li><li id="b57c">Outline organization</li><li id="401a">Title/subtitle ideas</li><li id="5012">Book descriptions</li><li id="4bd7">Sales page content.</li></ul><p><em><a href="https://kristennwalters.medium.com/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kristen Walters</a> is a full-time content creator. </em></p>

I used AI to double my income in one year. It wasn't hard to do and didn't cost me anything.

<p>ISIS's rapid advancement across Iraq in the summer of 2014 has caused so far irreparable damage to any idea of unity in the country. </p><p>As the following map shows, Iraqi territory can be thought of as belonging to one of three factions: ISIS, the Kurds, or the Iraqi government. But in actuality, the factionalism of Iraq runs much deeper. </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/574dc02a52bcd0320c8c5ddd-1055/mideast-crisis-iraq-blast.jpg" alt="iraq faction map" data-mce-source="RNGS Reuters" /><p class="source"><span>RNGS Reuters</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>In the north of Iraq, Iraqi Kurdistan and the neighboring provinces are held by various Kurdish forces that are often antagonistic towards each other. A checkpoint on the Syrian border is held by a grouping of the PKK and YPG forces that are active in Syria and Turkey. Meanwhile, the major population centers under Kurdish control are held by either the KDP Peshmerga or the PUK Peshmerga. </p><p>The KDP and the PUK are political rivals in Kurdistan that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kurds-are-divided-2015-7">fought</a> their own intra-Kurdish civil war in the 1990s. As a holdover of the conflict, both the KDP and the PUK maintain their own standing Peshmerga forces, despite the KDP being the political party currently leading Iraqi Kurdistan. Safe to say, the two groups still are not fully integrated nor are they complete political friends.</p><p>Likewise, the PUK and the PKK have often supported each other, much to the KDP's chagrin. </p><p>In central and southern Iraq, the situation is just as fluid. These regions are largely under the nominal control of the Iraqi central government. Except, in large part, the Iraqi Security Forces are often augmented, or are <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/shiite-militias-control-portions-of-baghdad-2016-1">totally replaced</a>, by various Shiite militia groups.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/551f4b466bb3f75c18d01304-2400/rtr4sdpr.jpg" alt="Shiite fighters Tikrit" data-mce-source="REUTERS/Thaier Al-Sudani" data-mce-caption="Masked Shi'ite fighters hold their weapons in Al Hadidiya, south of Tikrit, en route to the Islamic State-controlled al-Alam town, where they are preparing to launch an offensive on Saturday, March 6, 2015." /><p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Thaier Al-Sudani</span></p><p class="caption">Masked Shi'ite fighters hold their weapons in Al Hadidiya, south of Tikrit, en route to the Islamic State-controlled al-Alam town, where they are preparing to launch an offensive on Saturday, March 6, 2015.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>And these various militia groups are often <a href="http://nationalinterest.org/feature/iraqs-shia-militias-arent-bad-you-think-16291">extremely varied</a> themselves with various patrons. Some of the groups are essentially Iranian proxies and have been linked to possible <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-us-air-war-in-iraq-now-has-a-unsavory-stain-2015-3">war crimes</a> against Sunni civilians, while other militia groups include sizeable Sunni and Christian contingents. </p><p>Either way, the lack of any central authority for the various militia groups could pose problems for a unified Iraq in the future and could lead to potential warlordism down the road. </p><p>Finally, ISIS still controls large sections of Iraq challenging any idea of Iraqi unity. The militant group still holds Mosul, Iraq's second largest city. And the Iraqi government is only now managing to launch a bid to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/un-isis-is-using-hundreds-as-human-shields-in-battle-for-falluja-2016-5">retake Fallujah</a>, a city an hour away from Baghdad, that ISIS has managed to hold since 2014.  </p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/female-fighters-avenging-isis-2016-5">Female soldiers have created a 30-woman unit to fight ISIS in Iraq</a></h3>        <div>            <div>    <script src="http://player.ooyala.com/v3/6e12e8b3387a44daacfb73afba25a76e"></script>    <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="9tOGtiMzE6l929cAbfr_HuIWqxVezwfa" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>    <script>    if (typeof RunFunctions === 'undefined') { var RunFunctions = []; }     RunFunctions.push(function()    {         var ooyalapopvideo = OO.Player.create('ooyalaplayer_popvideo', '9tOGtiMzE6l929cAbfr_HuIWqxVezwfa',{ autoplay: 'false' });     });    </script>    <noscript><div>Please enable Javascript to watch this video</div></noscript></div>        </div>        <script>(function() { function createPlayer() { OO.ready(function() { RunFunctions.forEach(function(ooyalaFunction) { ooyalaFunction(); }); RunFunctions = [];}); } createPlayer(); }()); </script>    </div>

This map shows the extreme factionalism that is tearing Iraq apart

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5a6f18681784258d018b513a-911/gettyimages-619117894.jpg" alt="Dr. Pepper" data-mce-source="Daniel Boczarski/Getty Images for Dr. Pepper" /><p class="source"><span>Daniel Boczarski/Getty Images for Dr. Pepper</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p><a href="http://markets.businessinsider.com/stock/dps-Quote">Dr. Pepper Snapple </a>and Keurig Green Mountain are merging. </p><p>In a <a href="http://news.keuriggreenmountain.com/press-release/business/dr-pepper-snapple-and-keurig-green-mountain-merge-creating-challenger">statement</a> on Monday, the companies announced that Keurig has agreed to buy Dr. Pepper Snapple for $103.75 per share in a special cash dividend.</p><p>The new company will be called Keurig Dr. Pepper. The snacks company Mondelez International will own 13%-14% of the combined firm. </p><p>Dr. Pepper shares surged 42% to $135.93 in premarket trading. </p><p>"We are very excited about the prospect of KDP becoming a challenger in the beverage industry," said Bart Becht, the chairman of Keurig. </p><p><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dr-pepper-snapple-to-merge-with-keurig-green-mountain-2018-1">More to come ... </a></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-president-brad-smith-davos-interview-trump-us-cant-get-too-isolationist-2018-1">Microsoft President Brad Smith says the US shouldn't get 'too isolationist'</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/3PfGPCVm-xjRU7l6Z.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div>

The makers of Keurig coffee and Dr. Pepper are merging

<p><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/557ca8f5eab8ea3c4c4452ab-3107-2330/kurds-ypg.jpg" alt="Kurds YPG" data-mce-source="REUTERS/Rodi Said" data-mce-caption="Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) fighters stand on armored vehicles as they travel through the village of Tel Khanzir, after they took control of the area from Islamic State fighters, in the western countryside of Ras al-Ain May 28, 2015." /><p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Rodi Said</span></p><p class="caption">Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) fighters stand on armored vehicles as they travel through the village of Tel Khanzir, after they took control of the area from Islamic State fighters, in the western countryside of Ras al-Ain May 28, 2015.</p></div><p></p></div></div>On July 24, Turkey deepened its participation in the campaign against ISIS by allowing the US to carry out airstrikes from its Incirlik Airbase. Turkey is also launching its own sorties against the jihadist militants. </span></p><p><span>But Recip Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey's authoritarian-minded president, also used the strikes against ISIS as cover for a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tradeoff-that-will-let-the-us-strike-isis-from-turkey-2015-7">Machiavellian power-play</a>.</span></p><p><span>Shortly after Turkey allowed the US to launch strikes from Incirlik, Ankara  carried out a wave of airstrikes and arrests against members of the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), a <span>Kurdish </span><a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-20971100">separatist group</a><span> originally inspired by Marxism that has been designated a terrorist organization by Turkey, the US, and the EU for its attacks against both military and nonmilitary targets.</span></span></p><p><span>Turkey claims that the campaign against the PKK is part of a <a href="http://news.yahoo.com/two-turkish-police-killed-gun-attack-blamed-pkk-065659922.html">two-pronged fight</a> against terrorism and was launched following the PKK's killing of two Turkish police officers. But Kurdish politicians in Turkey claim that the campaign is actually aimed at shoring up Erdogan's vise-grip on Turkish <keyword id="6358883" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Politics">politics</keyword> following his party's loss of its parliamentary majority after 13 years in power this past June. </span></p><p><span>Despite Ankara's ultimate intentions, the campaign against the PKK highlights the incredibly fractious, and at times hostile, relationship between the Kurds' various political groups and militias. </span></p><p><span>Turkey's moves are calculated at striking at the PKK while deepening the rift between Kurdish factions - something that could end up complicating or even harming the fight against ISIS.</span></p><h3>Kurd vs. Kurd</h3><p>So far, the Turkish military has bombed the PKK in their strongholds in the Qandil Mountains in northern Iraq. </p><p>On July 25, a day after Turkey began bombing the PKK in Iraq, President Massoud Barzani of Iraqi Kurdistan (the KRG) <a href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/07/25/Turkey-justifies-Syria-air-strikes-in-letter-to-U-N-.html">called</a> Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu and <span>"expressed his displeasure with the dangerous level the situation has reached," according to Al Arabiya. </span></p><p><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/543d56566da81190059f1587-1024-672/pkk_militant.jpg" alt="PKK militant" data-mce-source="James Gordon/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93PKK_conflict#mediaviewer/File:PKK_Militant.jpg" data-mce-caption="A PKK militant in the mountains, December 2008" /><p class="source"><span>James Gordon/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93PKK_conflict#mediaviewer/File:PKK_Militant.jpg">en.wikipedia.org</a></span></p><p class="caption">A PKK militant in the mountains, December 2008</p></div><p></p></div></div>But</span><span> Barzani quickly shifted his position and began blaming the PKK for the upsurge in violence and the breakdown of the peace process with Turkey. </span></p><p><span>"The PKK overestimated itself. The peace process between Turks and Kurds' being threatened is not only related to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, but also to hardliners in the PKK who do not want peace," Barzani <a href="http://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2015/07/31/pkk-responsible-for-ending-reconciliation-process-krg-president-masoud-barzani">said</a> in an interview with reporters from Germany-based Focus magazine on July 31. </span></p><p><span>Barzani's shift towards supporting Turkish action against the PKK reflects the fractious nature of Kurdish politics. Iraqi Kurdistan is ruled by Barzani's political party, the KDP. The KDP's leading Iraqi Kurdish political rival is the PUK, which is aligned with the PKK. </span></p><p><span>In 1996, this KDP-PUK rivalry <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kurds-may-want-to-rethink-independence-2014-6">devolved</a><span> into a civil war that only ended after US-brokered peace talks. Despite a power-sharing arrangement that the two parties agreed to after the US invasion of Iraq, the KDP and the PUK remain distrustful of each other.</span></span> The KDP also worries that its good relations with Turkey could be ruined if Iraqi Kurdistan becomes too much of a base of operations for the PKK in its attacks against Turkish targets.</p><p><span><span>This rivalry between the KDP on one side and the PKK and PUK on the other has limited the various Kurdish militias' ability to work together. Both sides control their own peshmerga militia, leading to difficulties coordinating missions between the two armed groups. In April, the PKK and the KDP <a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_tension-between-pkk-and-krg-escalates-due-to-strategic-value-of-sinjar_378588.html">exchanged frequent barbs</a> over each other's alleged military ineffectiveness as the two sides competed for control of Sinjar, in northern Iraq, after forcing ISIS from the area. </span></span></p><h3><span><span>Erdogan's power play</span></span></h3><p><span><span>This political bickering ultimately plays into Turkey's hands.</span></span></p><p><span><span> Iraq's Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) is <a href="http://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/why-turkey-krg-ties-will-likely-trump-kurdish-solidarity#full">almost entirely dependent</a> upon Turkey - without the Baghdad government sharing any income with the autonomous region, Kurdistan's major source of income is from its oil pipeline with Turkey. This arrangement forces Iraqi Kurdistan to bend to Turkey's outsized influence. Meanwhile, Turkey supports the KRG to undercut its mutual rivals in the PKK. </span></span></p><p><span><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/559e84445afbd338718b4568-799-600/as-iraq-splinters-kurds-own-unity-put-to-test-2015-7.jpg" alt="Iraqi President Massoud Barzani addresses the media during a joint news conference with Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi in Arbil April 6, 2015.  REUTERS/Azad Lashkari" data-mce-source="Thomson Reuters" data-mce-caption="Barzani attends a news conference in Arbil" /><p class="source"><span>Thomson Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Barzani attends a news conference in Arbil</p></div><p></p></div></div></span></span>So the airstrikes in Iraq may have even been beneficial for both Turkey and the KRG.</p><p class="hs-text-container">"The KRG and PKK are not really de facto allies under the surface: They're rivals who share the same physical space and who are fighting the same enemy, ISIS," Michael Knights, a<span>n Iraq specialist with the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, <a href="http://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/why-turkey-krg-ties-will-likely-trump-kurdish-solidarity">told The National</a>. </span>"But in Syria, Sinjar and Qandil, the Barzanis and the PKK have an escalating rivalry. As a result, I don't think the KDP (Barzani's Kurdistan Democratic Party) is at all concerned that the PKK were struck by Turkey." </p><p class="hs-text-container">On August 1, the KRG called on the PKK to leave its bases in northern Iraq. The PKK "should withdraw its fighters from the Kurdish region so to ensure the civilians of Kurdistan don't become victims," Barzani <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/iraqi-kurds-ask-pkk-to-withdraw-1438450378">said</a> in a statement. </p><p class="hs-text-container">According to the AP, Barzani also called on Turkey and the PKK to restart the peace process while decrying Ankara's airstrikes amid reports that civilians were killed. The KRG also <a href="https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/565681-iraq-kurds-condemn-pkk-pipeline-attack">denounced</a> the PKK for carrying out an attack on an oil pipeline last week that runs between the KRG and Turkey.</p><p class="hs-text-container">"Some 99 percent of the burden of these attacks is borne alone by the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and its people," the KRG's Ministry of Natural Resources said in a <a href="http://cabinet.gov.krd/a/d.aspx?s=010000&amp;l=12&amp;a=53603">statement</a>. "[The] People of Kurdistan will hold the thieves and saboteurs and those supporting them to account for all the hardships they cause."</p><h3 class="hs-text-container">Things get even more complicated in Syria and Iraq</h3><p class="hs-text-container">For now, despite their rivalries, the various Kurdish entities are forced to make common cause against ISIS. </p><p class="hs-text-container">But now that Turkey is bombing the PKK it is foreseeable that the violence already engulfing the region could take on additional dimensions as divisions between Kudish factions deepen.</p><p class="hs-text-container"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/55bd2227371d2212008bbf21-982-707/screen shot 2015-08-01 at 3.46.13 pm.png" alt="kurds kurdish population" data-mce-source="REUTERS" /><p class="source"><span>REUTERS</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p class="hs-text-container">As the PKK and Turkey continue escalating and the Iraqi Kurdish leadership continues to side with Ankara, it is not inconceivable that the violence could spark an intra-Kurdish feud. </p><p class="hs-text-container">In that case, Turkey's leaders would face continued political unrest, potential ISIS attacks, PKK terrorist attacks in the east, and intra-Kurdish feuding in neighboring Iraqi Kurdistan.</p><p class="hs-text-container">But it would have gained a free hand for taking on the PKK inside of both Turkey and Iraq. Turkey has gained more of an ability to go after the state's primary enemy - whatever the consequences for the fight against ISIS may be.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/sharks-spotted-coast-england-2015-7">People were baffled by 50 sharks circling in shallow waters off the English coast</a></h3>        <div>            <div>    <script src="http://player.ooyala.com/v3/6e12e8b3387a44daacfb73afba25a76e"></script>    <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="R1c2tjdjrwFAGrHUqd0W71KfHPLzHONw" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>    <script>    if (typeof RunFunctions === 'undefined') { var RunFunctions = []; }     RunFunctions.push(function()    {         var ooyalapopvideo = OO.Player.create('ooyalaplayer_popvideo', 'R1c2tjdjrwFAGrHUqd0W71KfHPLzHONw',{ autoplay: 'false' });     });    </script>    <noscript><div>Please enable Javascript to watch this video</div></noscript></div>        </div>        <script>(function() { function createPlayer() { OO.ready(function() { RunFunctions.forEach(function(ooyalaFunction) { ooyalaFunction(); }); RunFunctions = [];}); } createPlayer(); }()); </script>    </div>

Tensions between Kurdish groups are making the fight against ISIS a lot more complicated

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5405d7b96bb3f7300444e301-1200-924/peshmerga-iraq.jpg" border="0" alt="Peshmerga Iraq"><p class="source"><span>STRINGER Iraq/REUTERS</span></p><p class="caption">August 24, 2014 Members of Kurdish security forces stand during an intensive security deployment in southern Kirkuk, August 23, 2014.</p></img></div><p></p></div></div>The Kurdish Peshmerga have enjoyed a reputation as the strongest and fiercest fighting force within Iraq.</p>
<p>However, the recent advances by ISIS against Kurdish positions has highlighted some of the key areas in which the Peshmerga have been lacking. </p>
<p>Chiefly, the Peshmerga suffer from a lack of soldiers with clear battlefield experience who are able to respond to a variety of military situations. Instead, the explosive growth of the economy in Iraqi Kurdistan drew many former veterans into other lines of work. </p>
<p>"Many of the pesh merga's battle-hardened veterans quit to take advantage of new opportunities amid a wave of economic development," Azam Ahmed of <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/02/world/middleeast/tarnishing-a-reputation-as-storied-warriors.html?rref=world/middleeast&amp;module=ArrowsNav&amp;contentCollection=Middle%20East&amp;action=keypress&amp;region=FixedRight&amp;pgtype=article">The New York Times reports</a>. <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">"</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Training became an afterthought, and there was little incentive to unify pesh merga units that remained mostly divided along political party lines." </span></p>
<p>Related to the lack of military veterans and a softening of training is the inherently divided nature of the Peshmerga. The majority of Peshmerga militias are under the control of either of the two Kurdish political parties - the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) or the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). </p>
<p>The KDP and the PUK are political rivals. In 1996, this rivalry <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kurds-may-want-to-rethink-independence-2014-6">devolved</a> into a civil war that only ended after U.S.-brokered peace talks. Despite a power-sharing arrangement that the two parties agreed to after the U.S. invasion of Iraq, the KDP and the PUK at times remain distrustful of each other, leading to difficulties coordinating missions between the two armed Peshmerga wings. </p>
<p>The Peshmerga's collapse has highlighted the need for the militias to become depoliticized. An amendment signed last week will create a national army that will operate integrated units under the control of the Ministry of the Peshmerga. How successful that will be is an open question.</p>
<p>Michael Knights of The Washington Institute For Near East Policy <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/isis-exposed-kurdish-weaknesses-the-us-can-help-2014-8">recently detailed</a> other weaknesses exposed by ISIS, including the need for better training, poor relationships with local tribes, basic logistics, and lack of intelligence.</p>
<p>Aside from political and logistical difficulties, the final reason for the Peshmerga's collapse was a matter of supplies. The Kurds have had difficulty receiving arms from Baghdad and foreign donors, limiting the Peshmerga to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/peshmerga-military-equipment-2014-6">utilizing largely outdated</a> eastern European and Soviet weaponry. </p>
<p>ISIS, on the other hand, has a large amount of looted U.S.-supplied weaponry, vehicles, and artillery which gave the group an upper hand in terms of raw firepower. </p>
<p>This balance should change in the coming weeks, however, as a host of nations, including the U.S., Iran, Germany, and France begin to <a href="https://news.vice.com/article/iran-was-first-to-supply-iraqs-kurds-with-weapons-to-battle-the-islamic-state">deliver</a> military assistance to the Kurds. </p>

Why The Kurds Initially Failed Against ISIS In Iraq

<p>Chaos is spreading in Iraq as the militant jihadi group the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/saddam-husseins-old-party-is-behind-iraq-chaos-2014-6">its affiliated members</a> launch operations throughout the country, and Syria's civil is still grinding on. There might be only one possible winner in these <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/iraq-and-syria-have-merged-into-a-single-conflict-2014-6">ongoing and merging conflicts</a> - the Kurds. </p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/53a30cd269bedd2806dfb225-1057-920/screen shot 2014-06-19 at 12.15.41 pm.png" border="0" alt="Kurdish Diaspora" /><p class="source"><span>REUTERS GRAPHICS</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<p>The Kurds, an ethnic group numbering around 30 million people, are spread throughout northern Iraq and Syria, western Iran, and eastern Turkey. They are considered to be the largest stateless national group in the world. </p>
<p>The continuing chaos in the Middle East could change this. Kurds in northern Syria <a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-337246-kurds-declare-autonomy-in-northern-syria-ahead-of-geneva-ii.html">have declared autonomy</a> in January, with the backing of Iraqi Kurdistan and the condemnation of neighboring Turkey. </p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5307553d69bedd026110c7ac-868-909/screen shot 2014-02-21 at 8.31.18 am.png" border="0" alt="Reuters Map Syria" /><p class="source"><span>RNGS Reuters / Reuters</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<p>Iraqi Kurdistan is already a fully autonomous region, and has been spared much of the chaos that has affected the rest of the country in the past few years. In the face of the recent ISIS advances, Iraqi Kurds have actually gained ground as they <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kirkuk-safe-from-jihadist-control-2014-6">took control of Kirkuk</a>, a city long coveted by the Kurds but outside of the Iraqi Kurdistan autonomous area.</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/539ecbb1eab8ea835c5f9f77-800-933/iraq-23.jpg" border="0" alt="iraq" /><p class="source"><span>REUTERS</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<p>The Kurds in Iraq have actually expanded the total territory they control <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/iraqi-kurds-expand-territory-2014-6">by 40%</a> since ISIS took over Mosul. This has fueled fears in Iraq that Iraqi Kurdistan may declare itself a fully independent state. </p>
<p>Iraqi Kurdistan already runs itself in much the same way an independent nation would. It has its own armed forces, and it has been selling its <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-18/half-price-kurdish-oil-threatens-iraq-breakup-with-turkish-help.html">own oil</a> for half the price of what the rest of Iraq charges through a pipeline to the Turkish port of Ceyhan. It is estimated that the Kurdish region contains a quarter of all of Iraq's oil. That figure is likely an understatement now that the Kurds control Kirkuk - a key oil hub. </p>
<p>But not everything is rosy in Kurdistan. <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Iraqi Kurdistan itself is split between two main Kurdish groups, the Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union (PUK). These two fought a </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdish_Civil_War">three year long</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> civil war from 1994 to 1997 that left upwards of 5,000 fighters and civilians dead. Today, the groups are in a functioning power sharing agreement, and might be in charge of the world's latest self-declared independent if events in Iraq continue on their present course. </span></p>

Here's The New Kurdish Country That Could Emerge Out Of The Iraq Crisis

<p><em><div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image"><img src="http://static1.businessinsider.com/image/51015ef169beddd047000010-620-465/jeff-bezos-20.jpg?maxX=480" border="0" alt="Jeff Bezos" width="480" /><p class="source">AP</p></div><p></p></div>Since starting out as an online bookseller in 1998, <keyword id="18635" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Amazon">Amazon</keyword>.co.uk has expanded year on year and now offers customers more than 100 million items in over 30 product categories, ranging from health and beauty to sportswear and groceries.</em></p>
<p>The company's phenomenal growth is due in part to its technological innovation. From Amazon <em>1-Click</em>, which dramatically speeds up the ordering process, to <em>Recommendations</em>, which determines customers' interests by examining their previous purchases and rated items, Amazon has been focused on making the online shopping experience as seamless as possible.</p>
<p>"Innovation is part of the Amazon DNA and over the past 15 years we have been constantly adding and refining technology that enhances and improves the experience of all our customers," said Xavier Garambois, Vice President of EU Retail at Amazon.</p>
<p>"Our focus has always been on providing services that help customers find the right product for them, and then ensuring that ordering and delivery is a fast and seamless process. There are now eight fulfilment centres across the UK where tens of millions of products are readily available to be delivered to customers via processes that not only rely on great technology but also teams of great people."</p>
<p>Garambois added that Amazon technology is also providing platforms for UK businesses and individuals to drive success.</p>
<p>"The Amazon Marketplace allows thousands of UK businesses to sell their products to customers across the UK and all over Europe whilst programmes like Kindle Direct Publishing are providing independent authors with a shop window of millions of readers."</p>
<p>To celebrate Amazon UK's 15th birthday, <em>The Telegraph</em> takes a look at some of the company's greatest technological advances over the past 15 years:</p>
<p><em>1-Click</em></p>
<p>1-Click is a fast and easy way to order from Amazon.co.uk with one click of a button. 1-Click is automatically enabled after the customer places their first order with Amazon.co.uk. You can set 1-Click so that it remembers key details such as delivery addresses.</p>
<p><em>Recommendations</em></p>
<p>Amazon.co.uk determines customers' interests by examining the items they've purchased, items they've told Amazon they own, and items they've rated. Their activity is then compared with that of other customers on the site. Using this comparison, Amazon.co.uk is able to recommend other items that may interest them.</p>
<p><em>Reviews</em></p>
<p>Customers can submit written or video reviews for any product listed on Amazon.co.uk to help other customers make purchase decisions. Customers are encouraged to share their opinions, both favourable and unfavourable as Amazon.co.uk wants customers to get the information they need to make smart buying choices.</p>
<p><em>Amazon Wish List</em></p>
<p>Amazon Wish List is a personalised list of all the things that customers would love to own from the Amazon.co.uk website. With Universal Wish List, customers can now add products from any website to their Amazon Wish List with one click. Friends and family are able to view the list and use it to purchase the perfect present.</p>
<p><em>Autorip</em></p>
<p>Amazon AutoRip gives customers free MP3 versions of CDs and vinyl music they purchase from Amazon. When customers purchase AutoRip CDs and vinyl, the MP3 versions are automatically added to their Cloud Player libraries where they are available, free of charge, for immediate playback or download.</p>
<p>Additionally, customers who have purchased AutoRip albums at any time since Amazon.co.uk first opened its Music Store in 1999 will find MP3 versions of those albums in their Cloud Player libraries - also automatically and for free. More than 350,000 albums, including titles from every major record label, are available for AutoRip, and more titles are added all the time - customers can just look for the AutoRip logo.</p>
<p><em>Kindle</em></p>
<p>Kindle is the bestselling e-reader family and this September, Amazon.co.uk launched the All New Paperwhite - the sixth generation of Kindle. The Kindle Fire family of tablets also launched in 2012 - the Kindle Fire and Kindle Fire HD 7", followed by the Kindle Fire HD 8.9" in 2013.</p>
<p><em>Print on demand / disc on demand</em></p>
<p>To avoid keeping stocks high, less commonly requested items can be printed or made on demand. This process takes place at the fulfilment centre and takes just minutes to complete. Orders can then be processed as normal. The finished item looks almost identical to the original book / disc.</p>
<p><em>Amazon Web Services</em></p>
<p>Amazon Web Services enables web developers to integrate Amazon.co.uk features and content into their websites. AWS provides start-up companies with low-cost, easy to use infrastructure needed to scale and grow any size business.</p>
<p><em>Amazon Cloud Drive</em></p>
<p>Amazon Cloud Drive lets customers securely store their digital files in the Amazon cloud and access them anywhere using the Cloud Drive desktop client or any web browser. Amazon customers automatically start with 5GB of Cloud Drive storage for free, with additional storage available from £6 a year for 20 GB.</p>
<p>Amazon Cloud Drive is built on Amazon Web Services, so customers need not worry about losing their photo collection or important documents to a hard drive crash.</p>
<p><em>Random Stow</em></p>
<p>The storage of items in a randomised order at fulfilment centres to maximise the chance of multiple items on the same order being near each other. The fulfilment centre management system knows the location of every item and is able to work out the shortest travel distance to pick the orders.</p>
<p><em>The SLAM (Scan, Label, Apply, Manifest)</em></p>
<p>At the end of the packing process, packages move along conveyor belts to the SLAM where the package is weighed to ensure it is the anticipated weight (and that therefore the right items are inside). The SLAM also scans the barcode on the package and prints and adds an address label to the package.</p>
<p>This ensures customer confidentiality, as this is the first time that a customer's address is matched up with their package. The whole process takes less than 1 second per package.</p>
<p><em>Amazon Storyteller</em></p>
<p>Amazon Storyteller is a new application from Amazon Studios that lets you turn a movie script into a storyboard. You choose the backgrounds, characters, and props to visually tell a story. A successful storyboard can tell the full story of a script, or capture its essence in short form, like a trailer. The idea is to build an audience for your story and see how people respond to it.</p>
<p><em>Amazon Studios</em></p>
<p>Amazon Studios is the original movie and series production arm of Amazon. Amazon Studios is developing feature films and episodic series in a new way; one that's open to great ideas from creators - and audiences - around the world.</p>
<p><em>KDP</em></p>
<p>Kindle and Kindle Direct Publishing is revolutionising the books world by giving authors the opportunity to publish their books and earn a larger share of revenue with Amazon.co.uk's 70 per cent option. Many authors are using this as a way to get their books in the hands of readers across Europe.</p>
<p><em>Mechanical Turk</em></p>
<p>A crowdsourcing Internet marketplace that enables individuals or businesses (known as Requesters) to co-ordinate the use of human intelligence to perform tasks that computers are currently unable to do.</p>
<p>The Requesters are able to post tasks such as choosing the best among several photographs of a store-front, writing product descriptions, or identifying performers on music CDs. Workers (called Providers in Mechanical Turk's Terms of Service, or, more colloquially, Turkers) can then browse among existing tasks and complete them for a monetary payment set by the Requester.</p>
<p><img class="nc_pixel" src="http://pixel.newscred.com/px.gif?key=YXJ0aWNsZT0yNjU5ZGE3MjFkMjNjNzAyZGVkOTNjMDYwZjI2ZmNjNyZvd25lcj1hZWE2NjI4NzUzY2RjZGMzMjhkOTkzM2MwZTIwZDU4YyZub25jZT02NzQ5Mzc1MS0xMGMxLTQ2MDYtOGU4NC1mOTk0MmQ2ZWYxYWUmcHVibGlzaGVyPThjMDBmYmVlNjFkNWJjZjBjNjA5MmQ4YjkyZWJiY2Ex" border="0" alt="" width="1" height="1" /></p><p class="tagline">Disclosure: Jeff Bezos is an investor in Business Insider through his personal investment company Bezos Expeditions.</p>

The Innovations That Took Amazon From Online Bookseller To Dominant Global Marketplace

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/544958a169bedd996d5ad037-1200-924/jeff-bezos-219.jpg" border="0" alt="Jeff Bezos"><p class="source"><span>Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Amazon's Jeff Bezos</p></img></div><p></p></div></div>Amazon just reported its Q3 earnings. </p>
<p class="p1">Here are the numbers:</p>
<ul class="ul1">
<li class="li2"><strong>EPS</strong>: -$0.95 (analysts were expecting a loss of $0.74).</li>
<li class="li2"><strong>Revenues</strong>: $20.58 billion (analysts were expecting $20.84 billion). That's an increase of 20% year-over-year.</li>
</ul>
<p>This is a miss on both the top and bottom line.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Operating loss was $544 million in the third quarter (the company had predicted between $410 and $810 million). The company reported an operating loss guidance of between $430 million and $570 million for Q4.</p>
<p>The stock is down nearly 8% after-hours. </p>
<p>Operating cash flow increased 15% year-over-year to $5.71 billion and free cash flow increased to $1.08 billion.</p>
<p>Here's the full report:</p>
<blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMZN) today announced financial results for its third quarter ended September 30, 2014.</p>
<p>Operating cash flow increased 15% to $5.71 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $4.98 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2013. Free cash flow increased to$1.08 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $388 million for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2013. Free cash flow for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2013 includes cash outflows for purchases of corporate office space and property in Seattle, Washington, of $1.4 billion.</p>
<p>Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 481 million on September 30, 2014, compared with 475 million one year ago.</p>
<p>Net sales increased 20% to $20.58 billion in the third quarter, compared with $17.09 billion in third quarter 2013. The favorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter on net sales was $13 million.</p>
<p>Operating loss was $544 million in the third quarter, compared with operating loss of $25 million in third quarter 2013.</p>
<p>Net loss was $437 million in the third quarter, or $0.95 per diluted share, compared with net loss of $41 million, or $0.09 per diluted share, in third quarter 2013.</p>
<p>"As we get ready for this upcoming holiday season, we are focused on making the customer experience easier and more stress-free than ever," said Jeff Bezos, founder and CEO of Amazon.com. "In addition to our already low prices, we will offer more than 15,000 Lightning Deals with early access to select deals for Prime members, hundreds of millions of products across dozens of categories, curated gift lists like Holiday Toy List and Electronics Holiday Gift Guide, new features like #AmazonWishList, and a great new lineup of products like Kindle Voyage and Fire HD Kids Edition. And if you order your gifts on AmazonSmile, we'll donate a percentage of your purchase price to your favorite charity."</p>
<p>Highlights</p>
<ul>
<li>Amazon announced the new Kindle Voyage, our thinnest, most advanced Kindle ever. Kindle Voyage has our highest resolution, highest contrast, and brightest display, reimagined page turns, and all of the features customers love about Kindle - books in seconds, no eyestrain or glare, readability in bright sunlight, and battery life measured in weeks, not hours. Amazon also launched the all-new $79 Kindle with a 20% faster processor, twice the storage, and new touch interface. Both e-readers feature customer favorites Kindle FreeTime, Goodreads, and Smart Lookup, plus new features like Word Wise, Family Library, FreeTime Unlimited, and more. These features will also be made available on Kindle Paperwhite as part of a free, over-the-air software update.</li>
<li>Amazon introduced the all-new Fire HD - the most powerful tablet under $100. Fire HD features a quad-core processor, front- and rear-facing cameras, an HD display, incredible reliability, and a world-class ecosystem of exclusive features, services, and content. Fire HD is available in five color choices and in 6" and 7" sizes.</li>
<li>Amazon introduced Fire HD Kids Edition, the first tablet built from the ground up for kids and parents, and featuring the first-ever 2-year worry-free guarantee - if anything happens, Amazonwill replace it for free, no questions asked. Fire HD Kids Edition is a real tablet, not a toy - it features a quad-core processor, a vivid HD display, front- and rear-facing cameras, Dolby Digital Audio, a kid-proof case, and access to Amazon's unmatched content ecosystem. Fire HD Kids Edition also comes with a year of FreeTime Unlimited, which provides unlimited access to 5,000 age-appropriate books, movies, TV shows, educational apps, and games.</li>
<li>Amazon introduced the all-new Fire HDX 8.9, which combines a startlingly light design and stunning HDX display with a new, more powerful processor, exclusive Dolby Atmos and the latest Dolby Audio, and the all-new Fire OS 4 "Sangria," Amazon's next-generation software and services that power Amazon Fire devices.</li>
<li>Amazon Fire TV is now the best-selling streaming box on Amazon for the U.S., U.K., and Germany.</li>
<li>Amazon Game Studios unveiled its latest round of games launching this year exclusively on Amazon Fire tablets and Fire phone - Til Morning's Light, CreepStorm, and Tales From Deep Space. These are creative, hand-crafted games that are fun to play, deliver interesting new customer experiences, and utilize exclusive Amazon content and technology, such as Fire phone's Dynamic Perspective, Amazon AppStream, and comiXology.</li>
<li>Amazon announced that all 10 episodes of the critically-acclaimed dark comedy series Transparent are now available for Prime Instant Video customers in the U.S., U.K., and Germany. Since its debut, Transparent is the #1 ranked TV series on Prime Instant Video. Also proving popular with critics, the new show clocked in a near perfect score on Rotten Tomatoes with a 98% critic rating, and a 91 metascore on Metacritic, making Transparent one of TV's top three highest-ranked, currently-airing shows.</li>
<li>Amazon announced it will premiere all 10 episodes of the second season of Garry Trudeau's critically-acclaimed political comedy series Alpha House exclusively on Prime Instant Video starting tomorrow. Additionally, two more original pilots, dramatic thriller Hand of God and coming-of-age comedy Red Oaks, will return for full seasons following rave customer reviews.Amazon Studios has also greenlit five additional kids pilots for 2015: The Stinky &amp; Dirty Show, Buddy: Tech Detective, Niko and the Sword of Light, Table 58, and Just Add Magic.</li>
<li>Amazon launched KDP Kids and Kindle Kids' Book Creator to help children's book authors prepare, publish, and promote both illustrated and chapter books in Kindle Stores worldwide.</li>
<li>Amazon acquired Twitch Interactive, Inc. With an average of over 55 million unique monthly visitors in the last quarter, and content produced by more than one million broadcasters per month, Twitch is the leading live video platform and community for gamers.</li>
<li>Amazon Prime members now receive 30 minutes of early access to select Lightning Deals on Amazon.com and daily sales events on MyHabit.com. By taking advantage of this early access, members can find great deals this holiday and all year long.</li>
<li>AmazonFresh expanded its service to Brooklyn. For a limited time, Prime members in eligible Brooklyn areas can use AmazonFresh for free, getting access to same-day and early next-day delivery of fresh groceries as well as over 500,000 Amazon.com items.</li>
<li>Amazon launched Local Register, a mobile app and secure credit card reader, that enables individuals and small businesses to quickly and easily accept credit and debit cards from a smartphone or tablet at an industry-leading low, flat rate with no hidden fees or long-term contracts. Local Register customers also benefit from access to the Amazon.com award-winning, fully-dedicated customer support team, and in-app reporting tools.</li>
<li>Amazon launched the 3D Printed Products store, a marketplace that gives customers access to more than 200 unique print-on-demand products, many that can be customized by material, size, style, and color, and personalized with text and image imprints. The store includes convenient search tools, interactive 3D preview functionality, and a product personalization widget.</li>
<li>Purdue University and Amazon launched the Purdue Student Store on Amazon, a co-branded experience where students can purchase lower-cost textbooks and other college essentials.Amazon also will bring staffed customer order pickup and drop-off locations to Purdue's campus, as well as expedited shipping benefits, in early 2015.</li>
<li>Amazon launched Pay with Amazon in India to help sellers of all sizes across the country grow their online businesses. Sellers can outsource their financial transactions to a world-class payments platform, and customers can shop with confidence due to a 100% buyer protection guarantee. This new Amazon service will further aid and support the growth and integration of small and medium businesses in the new digital economy. Pay with Amazon is mobile-optimized across all operating systems including Android, iOS, and Windows.</li>
<li>Amazon.in became the exclusive marketplace in India to find Xbox One, Xbox 360, Kinect, Xbox Live, Xbox Accessories, and all Microsoft-published Xbox game titles. With the roll-out of Xbox One, Amazon unveiled Release Day Delivery, a service committed to delivering customers new product offerings on their release day. Microsoft's offerings join other global products including Coke Zero, Blackberry Passport, and the first Android One phone that have launched exclusively in India on Amazon.in.</li>
<li>Amazon Web Services (AWS) announced the AWS Directory Service, making it easier for enterprise customers to integrate their AWS environments with existing on-premises access control systems and security policies.</li>
<li>To help customers build more secure and efficient cloud environments, AWS announced it is offering four of its popular AWS Trusted Advisor security checks for free. AWS Trusted Advisor is an automated service that inspects a customer's AWS environment and finds opportunities for customers to save money, improve system performance and reliability, and close security gaps. Since the beginning of 2013, customers have viewed more than 1.7 million AWS Trusted Advisor recommendations, and realized more than $300 million in estimated cost reductions.</li>
<li>AWS announced the launch of its AWS EU (Frankfurt) Region, the second AWS Region in Europe and the 11<sup>th</sup> AWS Region globally. This allows organizations who want to ensure that their data resides inside of Germany the ability to do so.</li>
<li>With over 350 significant service and feature releases year-to-date, and substantial price reductions (28% to 51% depending on the service) for customers starting in April 2014, AWS continues to grow strongly, with usage growth close to 90% year-over-year for the third quarter.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote><p class="tagline">Disclosure: Jeff Bezos is an investor in Business Insider through his personal investment company Bezos Expeditions.</p>

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