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An abandoned home in Canoga Park, outside Los Angeles, bakes during a heat wave.
- $4 shows what $4 might look like in 60 years. New York City will have a climate like the one Arkansas has today. The Bay Area will feel more like Los Angeles.
- The research is accompanied by $4 that lets users see which place currently has a climate that's similar to what their city might experience in the future.
- The study's authors found that overall, if carbon-dioxide emissions continue to increase unabated, the climate in North American cities $4 to be more like the current climate in places 500 miles to the south.
Last year was the fourth warmest on record, and the $4.
As the planet continues to warm up, experts are working to predict the specific, local effects of climate change on cities in the US.
A $4 uses a technique called climate-analog mapping - which compares the expected future climate of a city to the current climate somewhere else - to demonstrate how climate change will impact 540 urban areas in the US and Canada over the next 60 years.
The results suggest that by 2080, Los Angeles will feel more like Baja, California, Tampa Bay's climate will be like that of current-day Mexico City, and New York City will feel like the Ozarks.
The authors compiled their data into an $4 that lets users look up their North American city and explore what its future will feel like.
Matthew Fitzpatrick/University of Maryland Center for Environmental
The study shows that major North American cities will feel like they're 500 miles from where than they currently are by 2080.
Overall, according to the study, roughly 250 million people in North America - more than 75% of Americans and 50% of Canadians - will experience changes in their local climates within 60 years.
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"We can use this technique to translate a future forecast into something we can better conceptualize and link to our own experiences," ecologists Matthew Fitzpatrick, a co-author of the study from the University of Maryland, said in $4. "It's my hope that people have that 'wow' moment, and it sinks in for the first time the scale of the changes we're expecting in a single generation."
Cities and climate change
Warmer temperatures can mean more heat waves, droughts, strong storms, and coastal flooding, depending on a city's location.
According to Fitzpatrick and his co-author Robert Dunn, an ecology professor at North Carolina State University, urban areas are especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because of cities' large and growing populations and their reliance on interconnected and (in some cases) aging infrastructure.
That's why they made the new $4 - it offers "not so much new models of the future, but rather a means to communicate existing models" in a way that's less abstract or distant "and more local, experiential, and personal," $4.
The numbers they used aren't new. The study relied on three data sets - one with average climate conditions between 1960 and 1990, another with future climate projections, and a third based on NOAA weather records that show the variability of climate over time.
Of course, how severe the changes that a certain city experiences will turn out to be depends on how steeply greenhouse-gas emissions continue to rise. So the study's interactive map offers two trajectories: one in which emissions keep increasing throughout the 21st century, and one in which they peak around 2040 then start to decline.
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By 2080, the Bay Area's climate might feel more like LA's.
According to the higher-emissions scenario, Portland in 2080 will feel like California's warmer and drier Central Valley. Washington DC will have the subtropical climate of northern Mississippi, likely experiencing shorter winters and longer, humid summers. San Francisco will have to contend with Los Angeles' extreme heat, lack of rain and related water shortages.
"Our goal with doing this study and making the app was to help make people better aware of the dramatic transformation of global climate we expect over the next several decades and that reducing emissions can help decrease the magnitude of climate change expected," Fitzpatrick told Business Insider.