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Toxicology experts will soon train doctors working in Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and district hospitals in <keyword id="13126" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="maharashtra" source="Orion">Maharashtra</keyword> and other places in the country about the protocols for diagnosis and treatment of farmers exposed to chemicals and pesticides, a medical expert has said. Toxicology as a subject is quite neglected in the medical curriculum, Dr Tejas Prajapati, a clinical medical toxicologist at the LG Hospital in Ahmedabad, said at a press conference on Wednesday after a symposium on 'Occupational health hazards in agriculture' held at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (<keyword id="40458" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="aiims" source="Orion">AIIMS</keyword>), Nagpur. Doctors at the PHCs are the first contact in the case of a patient exposed to pesticides and chemicals. They are already loaded with various other medical programmes and works and a case of such a medical emergency is immediately sent to higher centres and the "<keyword id="2284670" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="golden-period" source="Orion">golden period</keyword>" is lost, he noted. "The AIIMS along with the <keyword id="333824" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="upl" source="Orion">UPL</keyword> Limited (an agriculture solutions and services company) will provide the actual protocol training to <keyword id="6638497" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="phc" source="Orion">PHC</keyword> doctors from Vidarbha, Maharashtra and the country about the diagnosis and treatment of farmers exposed to pesticides and chemicals," Dr Prajapati said. He said ultimately, the goal is to save the lives of individuals and hence they were doing this awareness programme. Deputy director of health services, block and district health officers and PHC officers from Nagpur attended a training session here on Wednesday, Dr Prajapati said. UPL's president of global corporate &amp; industry affairs, <keyword id="10327161" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sagar-kaushik" source="Orion">Sagar Kaushik</keyword> said this year they will cover three states - Telangana, Maharashtra and Gujarat - for the training. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/youre-eating-fats-and-carbs-because-your-body-wants-protein/articleshow/95418167.cms">You're eating fats and carbs because your body wants protein</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/us-reports-nearly-30000-weekly-child-covid-cases/articleshow/95397876.cms">US reports nearly 30,000 weekly child Covid cases</a>

Toxicology experts to train PHC doctors on protocols to treat farmers exposed to chemicals & pesticides

The railways will install an advanced, multi-level fire detection and response system in premier trains like Rajdhani Expresses and the upcoming <keyword id="3691811" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="tejas-express">Tejas Express</keyword>. 
 
Once the system in installed, a train will stop in case of a fire incident as brakes will be applied automatically if the smoke rises beyond a certain level, followed by announcement and hooter sirens in the affected coach. 
 
Enhancing safety in train operation, the railways will go ahead to equip all air-conditioned coaches used for overnight journey with the early warning fire detection system. Besides, all power cars, pantry cars, locomotives of special services would also be equipped with high-pressure, water-mist fire suppression systems to protect the expensive equipment from being burnt in case of a fire, said a senior <keyword id="54441" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Railway-ministry">Railway Ministry</keyword> official. 
 
Early warning of a fire event can prevent panic and loss of life and damage to assets, minimising disruption of services. 
 
In conventional smoke detection system, the response time is slow, pre-alarms are too late, detection rate in high airflows is poor and performance gets affected by soot and dust. 
 
The official said that all Humsafer trains are being equipped with the fire detection system. The central monitoring system will be in the power car. 
 
The fire detection system in all coaches will be connected by hardwire to the central monitoring system in the power cars where technical personnel are present. 
 
The display of the central monitoring system shows all the coaches with unique identification number on its screen, the alarm status and graphical display of smoke level. 
 
The system is designed for multi-level alarm which is being programmed as per the requirements. 
 In case the smoke level rises in a coach, the flasher light gets activated at the <keyword id="15615" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="cms">CMS</keyword> to alert the technical staff and indicates the coach number which may be affected. The technical staff is required to investigate if there is actually a case of potential fire in that particular coach. 
If the smoke level rises further and reaches level 2, the flasher light gets activated in the affected coach and an audio visual alarm (hooter and flasher light) at the CMS prompts technical staff to take necessary action. 
 
If the smoke level rises further to level 3, the brake application takes place automatically. An announcement followed by hooter takes place in the affected coach after a delay of 55 seconds. 
 
The announcement in the affected coach informs the passenger of a potential case of fire in that coach and intimates them that the brakes have been applied, the train will come to a halt and the passengers should not panic and disembark safely from the coach once the train comes to a complete stop. 
 These systems will also be incorporated in the upcoming <keyword id="6376012" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Tejas">Tejas</keyword> trains.

Here’s
another world class feature to be added in Rajdhani and Tejas trains

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A <keyword id="11898555" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="military" source="Orion">military</keyword> training aircraft crashed in Lake Worth, <keyword id="11896956" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="texas" source="Orion">Texas</keyword>, on Sunday.</li><li>Several people were treated for injuries, authorities said.</li><li>At least two homes were "heavily damaged," according to the Fort Worth Fire Department.</li></ul>A military training jet crashed in a Fort Worth, Texas, suburb on Sunday, leaving its two pilots injured and at least two homes "heavily damaged," according to authorities.Both pilots ejected from the plane before it <keyword id="12129639" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="crash" source="Orion">crash</keyword>ed in Lake Worth, which is less than 10 miles northwest of Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth. The crash took place between the 4000 blocks of Tejas and Dakota trails, the Lake Worth Police Department said.The plane caught fire on impact, but the fire was contained, Chief Ryan Arthur of the Lake Worth Fire Department said.One <keyword id="12054042" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="pilot" source="Orion">pilot</keyword>'s parachute was tangled in power lines, Chief J.T. Manoushagian of the Lake Worth Police Department said. Both pilots were being treated for injuries, the Associated Press reported.<a href="https://twitter.com/lakeworthpd/status/1439637365371310085?s=20">As many as six homes</a> were damaged in the crash, two of which were "heavily damaged," according to the Fort Worth Fire Department.At least three people from those homes were treated for injuries at the scene before being released, the Fort Worth Fire Department said.Manoushagian said the people living in the damaged homes would be displaced because of the crash, <a href="https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/military-plane-crashes-in-lake-worth-neighborhood-injuries-reported-officials/2746125/">NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth reported</a>.Arthur said the crash "could have been a lot worse" if the aircraft had directly hit a home.

A military training jet crashed in a Texas suburb, 'heavily' damaging several homes and injuring the pilots, authorities said

<ul><li>According to the ICICI Direct report, the allocation towards the railway budget is expected to be around ₹1.79 lakh crore </li><li>The Piyush Goyal-led Ministry of Railways will be eyeing support for a new set of Tejas trains, more routes for Kisan Rail, better infra and much more from their wishlist.</li><li>The <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/railway-budget-2021-bullet-train-expectations-list-mumbai-ahmedabad-varanasi/articleshow/80419088.cms">reports </a>also indicate that the <keyword id="8420431" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="budget-2021">Budget 2021</keyword> may also talk about Indian Railways’ plans to introduce new bullet train networks in the coming years.</li><li>Check out the latest news and updates on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/">Budget Insider</a>.</li></ul>The Indian Railways may not have a separate budget anymore but it is as strategically important for the economy as ever. Just as much as they played a significant role in taking migrant workers back home during the pandemic, the COVID-19 crisis also exposed many shortcomings in the system. Experts believe that improving and strengthening Railways can be a key driver of India’s economic recovery. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s budget this year is expected to push for a new set of Tejas trains, more routes for Kisan Rail (dedicated line to move agricultural produce), and better infrastructure to name some of the items from the experts’ wishlist. According to the ICICI Direct report, the allocation towards the railway budget is expected to be around ₹1.79 lakh crore and gross budgetary support for railways is expected to be around ₹75,000 crore. <div type="image" title="Railway Budget" msid="80492375" hostid="261"></div> Here what analysts are expecting from Budget 2021: Support for faster trains Private trains will be the government’s top agenda, especially the high-speed ones. According to the Brickwork Rating report, the Budget is expected to bring more policy support for private trains, new train sets for faster connectivity on new routes, better rail connectivity to tourist and pilgrimage spots, expansion of railway infrastructure for better connectivity in northeastern states. The <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/railway-budget-2021-bullet-train-expectations-list-mumbai-ahmedabad-varanasi/articleshow/80419088.cms">reports </a>also indicate that the Budget 2021 may also talk about Indian Railways’ plans to introduce new bullet train networks in the coming years. The Railways released a draft ‘National Rail Plan 2024’ which proposed almost 8,000 kilometres of bullet train network across the country by 2051. <div type="image" title="b5c8b7e79a7500035755dc9c400df9db" msid="80492449" hostid="261"></div> In the last Budget, FM Sitharaman said that the bullet train project between Mumbai and Ahmedabad would be ‘actively pursued’ by the Railways. But all thanks to COVID the execution has been slower than ever — the maiden high-speed rail network is under construction. Launching private and faster trains will reduce transit time and maintenance. It will also provide enhanced safety with an obvious boost for job creation. Higher allocation for safety fund and its ‘Green Railways’ initiative Along with the budget allocation, the <a href="https://www.livemint.com/news/india/railways-seeks-50-hike-in-safety-fund-11611508208101.html">reports </a>indicate that Railways has sought a 50% increase in allocation for its safety fund—the Rashtriya Rail Sanraksha Kosh. It expects that from the current ₹20,000 crore it should be hiked to ₹ 30,000 crore every year for five years, which will help in bringing state-of-the-art technology in the safety infrastructure. <div type="image" title="Piyush-Goyal-bccl" msid="80492468" hostid="261"></div> Started in 2017 by the then finance minister Arun Jaitley the safety fund initiative was to prevent accidents and boost safety, including timely replacement of over-aged assets. Jaitley then said the government would provide seed capital, but the Railways would have to arrange the balanced resources from its revenues, among other sources. The railways have also set an ambitious target to become ‘Green Railways’ by 2030 — starting by the electrification of 7,000 RKM in the current fiscal year. In the Budget this year, the ministry expects a higher allocation towards its green energy initiatives. More routes for Kisan Rail <div type="image" title="kisan rail" msid="80492486" hostid="261"></div> Announced in the last Budget, the Kisan Rail helps farmers transport and sell their produce at subsidized rates across the nation. The Finance Minister is expected to expand the Kisan Rail route from the current Maharashtra-Bihar route to other parts of the country, strengthening the cold supply chain of perishable agricultural produce. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/indian-grooming-startup-bombay-shaving-company-gets-45-crore-investment-from-dettol-maker-reckitt-benckiser/articleshow/80491558.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Indian grooming startup Bombay Shaving Company gets ₹45 crore investment from Dettol maker Reckitt Benckiser</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apple-demolished-q1-earnings-estimates-and-set-a-new-record-with-111-billion-in-revenue/articleshow/80490065.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Apple demolished Q1 earnings estimates and set a new record with $111 billion in revenue</a>

Railways Budget 2021: Faster trains, higher funding and support for green railways — here’s what’s on the experts’ checklist

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Nikhil Teja Kolli's startup MokSa.ai uses AI-enabled security cameras to curb theft and fraud.</li><li>Since its launch a year ago, MokSa.ai has garnered over 70 customers and $240,000 in ARR.</li></ul>When he was a college student in Kansas, Nikhil Teja Kolli worked a night shift at a convenience store on the edge of the Ozarks. One night, a man lingered inside the store until the other customers cleared out, then approached the counter with a gun stretched in Kolli's direction. The gunman swiped the cash in the drawer and left Kolli frozen. He felt helpless to stop it.Eight months later, he would be held at gunpoint again.He couldn't have known it then, but Kolli would go on to start a business focused on mitigating theft.His startup MokSa.ai, which aims to help <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/retailers-using-tech-to-combat-theft-at-self-checkouts-2023-11">businesses curb theft</a> and employee fraud using artificial intelligence-enabled security cameras, launched from stealth less than a year ago. But it already has a raft of paying customers, which is rare among startups of its size. According to Kolli, its real-time monitoring system is in use at over 70 gas stations, liquor stores, and bodegas nationwide and is generating $20,000 a month in recurring revenue.Now, this potent cocktail of machine learning and profits has persuaded investors to provide it with pre-seed funding. MokSa.ai tells Business Insider it closed $1.5 million in a March round led by Array Ventures, with participation from Jay Farner, the former chief executive of Quicken Loans, and The Fund Midwest.The company uses computer vision to automate away some parts of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/walmarts-anti-theft-technology-is-effective-but-involves-confronting-customers-2023-10">surveillance</a> still done by humans. It makes software for off-the-shelf security cameras that detect suspicious activity — think, a person stuffs a six-pack of beer in their pants or a cashier gives away merchandise to a friend — and sends a real-time notification to the customer dashboard. The alert includes a clip of the incident, which saves the business owner time they might spend playing back hours of camera footage.<div type="image" title="MokSa.ai uses general-use models and customizes them to detect suspicious activity at store locations." height="1123" width="794" msid="109508830" hostid="261" sizebytes="64550"></div>Kolli said the company initially tried to use open-source, pre-trained artificial intelligence models but found that some of these models showed biases representative of the datasets they were trained on. It then tried fine-tuning those models, but Kolli said their performance fell apart. Eventually, it landed on using general-use models that continuously learn as new footage comes in.The company also pays college interns in India to watch footage for suspicious activity and annotate it — a process called data labeling."As we sit and speak, there is new data coming in and these models are getting better," Kolli said.According to Shruti Gandhi, the founder and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/solo-general-partners-raising-outside-capital-2020-1">sole general partner</a> at Array Ventures, part of MokSa.ai's magic is its customized models for this use case."The data sets they have gathered in the last two years of being a services company allowed them to deploy trained models in customers from their first week of onboarding," she said. "That is not possible today with a lot of business intelligence companies because most think they're going to get better once they have customer data. So the reason some companies will win over others in the same category is their access to unique, differentiated data."Given that MokSa.ai's software works with a range of internet-connected security cameras, it's positioned itself as the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/epic-games-google-fortnite-ruling-play-store-apple-lawsuit-trial-2023-12">Android</a> of the surveillance market. The company will also provide a business with the cameras it needs in exchange for signing a multiyear contract. It charges a monthly subscription that scales based on the number of cameras in use.Customers can pay extra to have an operator call them when the system detects an event, and that's as far as MokSa.ai's responsibility goes, Kolli said. It won't contact the police."We are offering surveillance audit platform," he said. "So it's up to the customer to understand what they want to do with that information we provide."<div type="image" title="The dashboard shows reports of suspicious activity at a glance." height="833" width="1428" msid="109508831" hostid="261" sizebytes="60338"></div><h2>The Android of the surveillance market</h2>Before MokSa.ai, Kolli worked as a quality manager at a company producing parts for <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-high-speed-rail-projects-acela-brightline-upcoming-future-2023-6">high-speed rails</a>. He got the itch to build this company after speaking to a friend who owned the gas station and liquor store where he worked in college. The friend had found out an employee had stolen thousands of dollars worth of merchandise and cash and he asked Kolli how technology might be able to catch bad actors. The idea planted the seed for what would become MokSa.ai.Later, Kolli enrolled in the startup accelerator <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-techstars-is-looking-for-in-startup-applications-during-downturn-2023-5">Techstars</a> Detroit, where one of his mentors introduced him to his future investor.Kolli told Gandhi the MokSa.ai story over the phone. He didn't have a pitch deck to show her or any other investor pledges to move her to act. But, the Array Ventures founder bought into the round before the call ended. The next day, Kolli had a term sheet.The investment was a "no-brainer," Gandhi said.The company is now gearing up for growth. MokSa.ai just signed a contract with Royal Ozarks, a large commercial real-estate developer in the South, to deploy its system across 150 store locations. Kolli said the partnership will bring its $240,000 annual recurring revenue to over $1 million this year.The new funding will allow the company to grow its sales and customer support teams as part of this expansion. It's also working to release a mobile app that will allow business owners to view their notifications on the go.In its bid to create a smarter surveillance system, MokSa.ai faces competition from startups like <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/security-company-says-3-3-3-perk-good-for-business-2024-2">Verkada, a maker of building security tools</a> that's raised over $360 million in funding, and Rhombus, a newer entrant that just announced $26 million in capital. While these two tout their abilities to detect suspicious activity and send alerts, they both require customers to use their cameras and sensors.That could be the wedge that gives MokSa.ai a chance despite being much younger than its competitors.Gandhi summed it up, "What they're saying is keep your camera, we will figure out the best way to use this camera."

This AI startup that helps stores catch shoplifters just bagged $1.5 million in pre-seed funding without using a pitch deck

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Artificial intelligence is now the top priority for major tech firms.</li><li>Software engineers know they need to do more than just code to stay relevant in the AI era.</li></ul>Software engineers know that the days of simply being able to code are behind them.After all, artificial intelligence taking over jobs is not new — numerous tech giants over the past two years announced that they were axing jobs to focus more on artificial intelligence development.Last year, Google <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-layoffs">slashed 12,000 jobs</a> — 6% of its then workforce — as the company began shifting its priorities toward AI.In May 2023, IBM announced that it would <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/dropbox-ibm-google-big-tech-companies-ai-in-layoff-memos-2023-5#ibm-4">pause hiring for roles that could be replaced by AI</a>. The affected roles, which amounted to 26,000 jobs, included those in human resources and other non-consumer-facing departments.But AI has had a direct impact on software engineers, too.Although AI has helped to increase their productivity by helping to debug and generate code, software engineers that Business Insider spoke to said that they expect the industry to shrink simply because it doesn't need as many workers as they do today.This, they said, means they have to work smarter if they want to keep their jobs. <h2 id="46fa40b7-28ed-4cdd-8b6b-706f096a4034">AI will push companies to have leaner software engineering teams</h2>Arpita Kaushik, a data scientist at Rocket Mortgage, told BI that AI tools like <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/chat-gpt">ChatGPT</a> and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/codex-github-copilot-chatgpt-openai-productivity-2023-3">Github Copilot</a> do a lot of the "heavy lifting" for workers like her.This meant that companies could get by with leaner teams without compromising on output, she said."I think there will be a change in the way a software engineer works, and instead of five software engineers you might need four in future," she said.Kaushik's point was echoed by Aditya Swami, who heads product development efforts at Hatcher+, a venture capital firm in Singapore. In fact, Swami said that shrinking headcounts will be even more apparent in bigger companies."That's going to happen," he said. "As an industry, it's going to shrink, and only people who really understand what they're doing are going to survive."<div type="image" title="Aditya Swami, the head of product development at Hatcher+, a venture capital firm in Singapore." height="1308" width="1744" msid="112124499" hostid="261" sizebytes="68710"></div>And the problem isn't just about there being fewer jobs available. Kaushik said the rise of AI means that the bar for hiring is much higher now for interns and entry-level software engineers."Those people have to stretch their limits; they have to do a little bit of senior-level roles even at the starting of their careers," she added. "Because the basic things they could do, now they could do with AI."<h2 id="4a757fb3-2ca9-47b0-9289-f9f9d5df76dc">Don't say goodbye to technical skills just yet</h2>However, software engineers who think they can rely on AI to solve their problems may be disappointed to learn that one's technical abilities still matter.Swami from Hatcher+ said that he still expects his engineers to have strong coding skills, be able to understand code and explain what they are doing.He said that people who studied software engineering before the rise of AI tools have a stronger foundation because they have "written code from scratch.""The biggest problem right now is that the AI large language model hallucinates. It's not correct 100%, only 50 to 60% of the time," he said. "You still need to be very careful.""When it comes to an interview, you should be able to explain line by line what the code is doing. That's still very important, that hasn't changed," he said.Adrian Goh, cofounder of <a target="_blank" class="" href="http://www.nodeflair.com/">NodeFlair</a>, a job board for tech professionals in Asia, told BI that one's technical foundations have only become more important in the age of AI."Companies value engineers with strong fundamentals who are dedicated to continuous learning and self-upgrading. These qualities ensure adaptability to evolving roles and technologies," Goh said.<h2 id="191cb370-2c56-496c-853d-944ad10d0412">A computer science degree is still far from useless</h2>Academics BI spoke to also said the rise of AI has not diminished the value of a computer science degree and the technical skills that come with earning it"Computer science is not just about AI," said <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~kanmy/">Kan Min Yen</a>, an associate professor of computer science at the National University of Singapore."Proper development and use of AI still require fundamental knowledge of software engineering, data management, and security, all tenets of a holistic computing education," he added.While some may think that tools like GitHub Copilot will render them obsolete, Kan said such concerns may be overblown.Software professionals, he said, could still add value by understanding the limitations of AI tools and how to troubleshoot them."You would go to a mechanic to fix a car and to someone who knows the math and training methods for large language modules to fix and diagnose problems with LLMs, such as ChatGPT," Kan explained.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/cris/rp/rp00698">Bo An</a>, who heads the AI division at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University (NTU), said that "the core value of a CS degree remains robust," and advancements in AI do not erode the value of a CS degree.An added that foundational knowledge in "algorithms, data structures, software engineering, and other critical areas" is essential for advancing AI technologies.<h2 id="ed831ea3-0022-49b8-bcaa-0e5519f42de1">Aspiring software engineers need to embrace AI and work on their own projects to stay ahead</h2>That said, software engineers looking to score a job in software engineering must strike a tricky balance between integrating AI into their workflows and honing their fundamentals.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/harvard-computer-science-professor-prisoners-use-phones-cs50-free-class-2023-1">David Malan</a>, a computer science professor at Harvard, told BI that AI tools could be a plus for aspiring software engineers who know how to leverage them."In the near term, AI is posed to amplify the impact of individual software engineers," Malan said. "Consider just how many more features they can implement, how many more bugs they can fix if they have a virtual assistant by their side."Malan also advised job seekers to continue building up their portfolio of projects if they haven't already.Working on your own projects, he said, could come in handy during interviews when employers want to see how candidates approach problems."Continuing one's education beyond school, whether formally or informally, forever expanding your own knowledge and skills, can certainly help too," Malan said. "There will always be something new to learn."Tejas Rajagopal, a recent computer science graduate from NTU, said he's been trying to expand his skillset to strengthen his chances of landing a job."You can't just go to classes, watch lectures, do tutorials, and expect to be useful out there," Rajagopal said. "Because if you haven't really done any projects, built anything up by yourself, your education probably won't be adequate."

In the age of AI, there's no future for workers content with being code monkeys — and they know it

<ul class="summary-list"><li>An AI model prompted to speak like a Star Trek character was better at solving math problems.</li><li>It's not clear why acting like Captain Picard helped the chatbot boost its results.</li></ul>The <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-write-better-ai-chatgpt-prompts-according-prompt-engineer-2023-3">art of speaking</a> to AI chatbots is continuing to frustrate and baffle people.A study attempting to fine-tune prompts fed into a chatbot model found that, in one instance, asking it to speak as if it were on Star Trek dramatically improved its ability to solve grade-school-level math problems."It's both surprising and irritating that trivial modifications to the prompt can exhibit such dramatic swings in performance," the study authors Rick Battle and Teja Gollapudi at software firm VMware in California said in their paper.The study, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2419531-ais-get-better-at-maths-if-you-tell-them-to-pretend-to-be-in-star-trek/">first reported by New Scientist</a>, was published on <a target="_blank" href="https://arxiv.org/html/2402.10949v2">February 9 on arXiv</a>, a server where scientists can share preliminary findings before they have been validated by careful scrutiny from peers.<h2>Using AI to speak with AI</h2>Machine learning engineers Battle and Gallapudi didn't set out to expose the AI model as a Trekkie. Instead, they were trying to figure out if they <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-use-get-better-chatgpt-ai-prompt-guide">could capitalize</a> on the "positive thinking" trend.People attempting to get the best results out of chatbots have noticed the output quality depends on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-use-get-better-chatgpt-ai-prompt-guide">what you ask them to do</a>, and it's really not clear why."Among the myriad factors influencing the performance of language models, the concept of 'positive thinking' has emerged as a fascinating and surprisingly influential dimension," Battle and Gollapudi said in their paper."Intuition tells us that, in the context of language model systems, like any other computer system, 'positive thinking' should not affect performance, but empirical experience has demonstrated otherwise," they said.This would suggest it's not only what you ask the AI model to do, but <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-google-researchers-deepmind-tell-take-deep-breath-improve-accuracy-2023-9">how you ask it to act while doing it</a> that influences the quality of the output.In order to test this out, the authors fed three Large Language Models (LLM) called Mistral-7B5, Llama2-13B6, and Llama2-70B7 with 60 human-written prompts.These were designed to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/chatgpt-llm-ai-responds-better-emotional-language-prompts-study-finds-2023-11">encourage the AIs</a>, and ranged from "This will be fun!" and "Take a deep breath and think carefully," to "You are as smart as ChatGPT."The engineers asked the LLM to tweak these statements when attempting to solve the GSM8K, a dataset of grade-school-level math problems. The better the output, the more successful the prompt was deemed to be.Their study found that in almost every instance, automatic optimization always surpassed hand-written attempts to nudge the AI with positive thinking, suggesting machine learning models are still better at writing prompts for themselves than humans are.Still, giving the models positive statements provided some surprising results. One of Llama2-70B's best-performing prompts, for instance, was: "System Message: 'Command, we need you to plot a course through this turbulence and locate the source of the anomaly. Use all available data and your expertise to guide us through this challenging situation.'The prompt then asked the AI to include these words in its answer: "Captain's Log, Stardate [insert date here]: We have successfully plotted a course through the turbulence and are now approaching the source of the anomaly."The authors said this came as a surprise."Surprisingly, it appears that the model's proficiency in mathematical reasoning can be enhanced by the expression of an affinity for Star Trek," the authors said in the study."This revelation adds an unexpected dimension to our understanding and introduces elements we would not have considered or attempted independently," they said.<h2></h2><div type="image" title="Leonard Nemoy as Spock sits at a command desk on the set of TV show Star Trek" height="1800" width="2400" msid="108111266" hostid="261" sizebytes="100300"></div><h2>This doesn't mean you should ask your AI to speak like a Starfleet commander</h2>Let's be clear: this research doesn't suggest you should ask AI to talk as if aboard the Starship Enterprise to get it to work.Rather, it shows that myriad factors influence how well an AI decides to perform a task."One thing is for sure: the model is not a Trekkie," Catherine Flick at Staffordshire University, UK, told <a target="_blank" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2419531-ais-get-better-at-maths-if-you-tell-them-to-pretend-to-be-in-star-trek/">New Scientist</a>."It doesn't 'understand' anything better or worse when preloaded with the prompt, it just accesses a different set of weights and probabilities for acceptability of the outputs than it does with the other prompts," she said.It's possible, for instance, that the model was trained on a dataset that has more instances of Star Trek being linked to the right answer, Battle told New Scientist.Still, it shows just how bizarre these systems' processes are, and how little we know about how they work."The key thing to remember from the beginning is that these models are black boxes," Flick said."We won't ever know why they do what they do because ultimately they are a melange of weights and probabilities and at the end, a result is spat out," she said.This information is not lost on those learning to use Chatbot models to optimize their work. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/prompt-engineering-ai-chatgpt-jobs-explained-2023-3">Whole fields of research</a>, and even courses, are emerging to understand how to get them to perform best, even though it's still very unclear."In my opinion, nobody should ever attempt to hand-write a prompt again," Battle told New Scientist."Let the model do it for you," he said.

AIs are more accurate at math if you ask them to respond as if they are a Star Trek character — and we're not sure why

New Delhi, Feb 1 () Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on Saturday said 100 more airports will be developed by 2025 to support the UDAN scheme.
 Presenting the Budget for 2020-21, Sitharaman said Rs 1.7 lakh crore has been provided for transport infrastructure in 2020-21.
She also said 1,150 trains will run under the public private partnership (PPP) mode, also four stations will be redeveloped with the help of the private sector.
Besides, the minister promised more Tejas type trains to connect tourist destinations.
 She said a proposal for setting up large solar power capacity alongside rail track is under consideration. TEAM MBI RKL ANZ MKJ

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