Unrest began at jails in Modena, Pavia, Rome, and Foggia, ultimately spreading to a total of 27 prisons, Business Insider's Rhea Mahbubani reported.
At least 50 inmates eventually escaped, while others set fires and took guards hostage.
Three inmates died inside a jail in Modena, the country's north, while three others died after being transferred away from the prison, Al Jazeera reported, citing Francesco Basentini, head of Italy's prison administration.