One of the ways researchers think about interpersonal conflict is by analyzing the situations that create it.
A series of studies found that in the workplace, people who are given lots of power but low status tend to spark an unusually high level of conflict. Put them on a task with someone else, and a "vicious cycle" of perceived insult and responses is likely to form, which can lead to arguing.
Source: Organization Science
If you've followed the science of sleep at all, you know that missing sleep has all kinds of negative effects. It's bad for your health, your brain, and your ability to get things done.
But sleep seems to play an important role in arguments as well, even when you weed out the effects of related issues like stress and anxiety. A study that looked at couples in a laboratory found that when even one partner had gotten too little sleep, both partners were less likely to act warmly toward one another or resolve problems, and more likely to get into fights.
What do people say when they're arguing with someone who just can't seem to compromise?
Be reasonable. Be rational.
But it turns out too much rationality can actually make us more likely to argue with one another, not less.
Research suggests that humans are actually at their most reasonable when they're arguing, picking positions that are easier to defend from criticism and thinking over each choice and word more carefully. But that same reasonableness makes it hard for people to actually compromise or see one another's points. They use all their mental resources trying to overcome another person's argument, and none on examining it or seeing its value.
Our minds seem to deploy reason as a weapon, and a way of defeating another person, and it can blind us to the the truth.
Source: Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Being self-involved improves the odds that after a conflict and its compromise, you find yourself feeling terrible.
A study of 261 students at National Taiwan University examined accounts the students gave of recent conflicts and compromises they had with their parents.
The researchers used the number of times the students said "we" as a measure of the degree to which the students thought of themselves and their parents as one unit, versus two separate units. Students who used the word "we" more often were more likely to feel better and have higher levels of well-being after a conflict than students who were more self-involved.
Source: Journal of Happiness Studies
One important factor in the way you resolve your arguments, and the way you feel afterward, is "self-compassion." That is, your capacity for being kind to yourself and taking heed of your own needs and desires.
People with low self-compassion tend to subordinate their own needs when they come to a point of conflict, and arrive at "compromises" that deal entirely with the other person's needs and leave them unhappy. Higher-self compassion tends to lead to better compromise, and less emotional turmoil after the fact.
Source: The Journal of Self and Identity
Fights happen. Even if you were to take steps to change the way you go about your life so that you're perfectly in tune with your needs and the needs of others around you, you're going to run into people who don't take those steps. And sometimes you're going to have to stand your ground.
You get through those kinds of situations without feeling miserable afterward by being authentic to yourself.
Research has found that people who don't feel like they're subsuming or covering up their feelings or beliefs are protected from the emotional fallout of conflicts. They can get through a fight without feeling unhappy afterward. But people who don't feel authentic in their actions tend to wind up feeling down for hours or even days after a fight has ended.
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