When you buy an iPhone, you're stuck with as much storage as you decided to buy at the get-go. Most Android phones, however, have a microSD card slot, so you can easily and cheaply buy more storage space.
If your battery starts sucking, you can often remove it and replace it with a new one. Can't do that with an iPhone.
You can use a bunch of different Android phones (including the HTC One, LG G3, and the Galaxy S5) as remote controls, because they have infrared blasters on the top. iPhones do not.
Android files screenshots, downloaded pics, and pictures saved from messages into their own separate folders.
Generally, Android's visible file system is amazing. When you plug your Android phone into your computer, you can see a file system just like the one you'd work with if you were searching for something on your computer. It's as easy as drag-and-drop. Apple doesn't give you that kind of access to all your files.
Android doesn't care where your music comes from. Apple and iOS 8, however, require iTunes if you want to load your iPhone up with songs, and you need iPhoto if you ever want to get your photos onto your computer.
You can use any micro-USB cable to charge your Android phone. If you want to charge your iPhone, you need to have Apple's proprietary "Lightning" cable.
Google's app store lets you download apps to your phone directly from its website. If you search for an iPhone app in a browser, on the other hand, you have to launch iTunes or the App Store to download and install it.
You can set multiple user accounts on the same Android tablet.
Share your Android-running tablet with your family or co-workers? If so, you can set multiple user accounts on one device, limiting the information that each user can see. Can't do that on the iPad.
Apple's baked-in Maps apps isn't as good as Google's, but on an iPhone, you can't make Google Maps your default.
On an iPhone, you can unlock your phone with your fingerprint or a passcode. On most Android devices, you have several additional options, including patterns or face unlocks.
You can customize an Android phone much more than an iPhone, like by adding widgets on your home screen.
There are also a bunch of apps you can download that let you further change your phone's interface, like Aviate which arranges your apps alphabetically in a more list-like format rather than the standard grid layout.
Android phones don't force you to keep all of your apps on one of your homescreens, like iPhones do.
On quite a few Android phones, you can open and see multiple apps at once.
LG phones, for example, let you move opened apps around in separate windows, change the transparency of those windows, and resize them.
